{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:24:23Z","timestamp":1790652263589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for the development of overweight in her child. It is unknown whether GWG programs the child\u2019s health or whether GWG indicates a shared familial lifestyle during childhood. To disentangle these influences, we studied the association of GWG and postdelivery maternal weight change simultaneously with child\u2019s weight development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from 3367 children participating in a birth cohort that started in 1996 in the Netherlands. Weight and height were self-reported. GWG was categorized as \u201cinadequate,\u201d \u201cadequate,\u201d and \u201cexcessive.\u201d Multivariable regression and mixed models were used to study maternal and child weight changes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children of mothers with excessive GWG had a higher BMI z score and overweight prevalence (odds ratio [OR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.46) throughout childhood. Children of mothers with a high (\u22651 kg\/year) postdelivery weight gain had a 0.14 (95% CI, \u22120.08 to 0.36) higher change in BMI z score between age 1 and 14 years than children of mothers with a low (&amp;lt;0.5 kg\/year) postdelivery weight gain. Children of mothers with excessive GWG in combination with a high postdelivery weight gain had the highest BMI z score and overweight risk at age 14 years (OR 3.53; 95% CI, 1.70 to 7.33).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal GWG and postdelivery weight gain contribute to child\u2019s weight development up to adolescence independently.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T12:06:16Z","timestamp":1445342776000},"page":"e1294-e1301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Maternal Gestational and Postdelivery Weight Gain and Child Weight"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Lenie","family":"van Rossem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alet H.","family":"Wijga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard H.","family":"Koppelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette A.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906140727800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12132","article-title":"Gestational weight gain in relation to offspring obesity over the life course: a systematic review and bias-adjusted meta-analysis.","volume":"15","author":"Mamun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120906140727800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00110.x","article-title":"Gestational weight gain in accordance to the IOM\/NRC criteria and the risk for childhood overweight: a meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"Nehring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"2021120906140727800_B3","first-page":"524939","article-title":"Maternal weight gain in pregnancy and risk of obesity among offspring: a systematic review.","volume-title":"J Obes","author":"Lau","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120906140727800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20643","article-title":"Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy and gestational body size with offspring longitudinal change in BMI.","volume":"22","author":"Lawrence","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2021120906140727800_B5","first-page":"592408","article-title":"Maternal obesity and developmental programming of metabolic disorders in offspring: evidence from animal models.","volume-title":"Exp Diabetes Res","author":"Li","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906140727800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018038","article-title":"Epidemiology of gestational weight gain and body weight changes after pregnancy.","volume":"22","author":"Gunderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120906140727800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0465-7","article-title":"Change in maternal body mass index is associated with offspring body mass index: a 21-year prospective study.","volume":"52","author":"Mamun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2021120906140727800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.12.018","article-title":"Pregnancy and post-delivery maternal weight changes and overweight in preschool children.","volume":"60","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120906140727800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys231","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort.","volume":"43","author":"Wijga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120906140727800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51801","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051801","article-title":"BMI and waist circumference; 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