{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:09:17Z","timestamp":1791936557507,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonates born to mothers with Graves\u2019 disease are at risk for significant morbidity and mortality and need to be appropriately identified and managed. Because no consensus guidelines regarding the treatment of these newborns exist, we sought to generate a literature-based management algorithm. The suggestions include the following: (1) Base initial risk assessment on maternal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies. If levels are negative, no specific neonatal follow-up is necessary; if unavailable or positive, regard the newborn as \u201cat risk\u201d for the development of hyperthyroidism. (2) Determine levels of TSH-receptor antibodies in cord blood, or as soon as possible thereafter, so that newborns with negative antibodies can be discharged from follow-up. (3) Measurement of cord TSH and fT4 levels is not indicated. (4) Perform fT4 and TSH levels at day 3 to 5 of life, repeat at day 10 to 14 of life and follow clinically until 2 to 3 months of life. (5) Use the same testing schedule in neonates born to mothers with treated or untreated Graves\u2019 disease. (6) When warranted, use methimazole (MMI) as the treatment of choice; \u03b2-blockers can be added for sympathetic hyperactivity. In refractory cases, potassium iodide may be used in conjunction with MMI. The need for treatment of asymptomatic infants with biochemical hyperthyroidism is uncertain. (7) Assess the MMI-treated newborn on a weekly basis until stable, then every 1 to 2 weeks, with a decrease of MMI (and other medications) as tolerated. MMI treatment duration is most commonly 1 to 2 months. (8) Be cognizant that central or primary hypothyroidism can occur in these newborns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T12:17:24Z","timestamp":1458044244000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Management of Neonates Born to Mothers With Graves\u2019 Disease"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Dani\u00eblle C.M.","family":"van der Kaay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Palmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children; and"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and"},{"name":"Physiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0488","article-title":"Prevalence of thyrotoxicosis, antithyroid medication use, and complications among pregnant women in the United States.","volume":"23","author":"Korelitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000329186","article-title":"Thyroid disease in pregnancy.","volume":"76","author":"Rivkees","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921365231500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03019.x","article-title":"Risk of adverse perinatal outcomes with antithyroid treatment during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study.","volume":"118","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0660","article-title":"The prevalence of thyroid disorders during early pregnancy in China: the benefits of universal screening in the first trimester of pregnancy.","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120921365231500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2803","article-title":"Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.","volume":"97","author":"De Groot","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F165","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.3.F165","article-title":"Neonatal thyroid disorders.","volume":"87","author":"Ogilvy-Stuart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"3 pt 1","key":"2021120921365231500_B7","first-page":"359","article-title":"Risk factors for developmental disorders in infants born to women with Graves disease.","volume":"80","author":"Mitsuda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B8","first-page":"1040","article-title":"The relationship between maternal serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and fetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis.","volume":"99","author":"Peleg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0994","article-title":"Management of neonates born to women with Graves\u2019 disease: a cohort study.","volume":"170","author":"Besan\u00e7on","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B10","first-page":"303","article-title":"The placental transfer of IgG subclasses in human pregnancy.","volume":"41","author":"Pitcher-Wilmott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120921365231500_B11","first-page":"235","article-title":"Congenital hyperthyroidism: the fetus as a patient.","volume":"65","author":"Polak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120921365231500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.727","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism.","volume":"9","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000297595","article-title":"Therapeutic approach of fetal thyroid disorders.","volume":"74","author":"Polak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365231500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3000","article-title":"Thyroid \u201cvise\u201d in an infant with neonatal Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"132","author":"Regelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318228f9a8","article-title":"Neonatal cholestasis caused by hyperthyroidism.","volume":"54","author":"Loomba-Albrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0554","article-title":"Neonatal thyrotoxicosis and persistent pulmonary hypertension necessitating extracorporeal life support.","volume":"115","author":"Oden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B17","author":"Obeid","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9464","key":"2021120921365231500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71149-1","article-title":"Congenital viral infection?","volume":"365","author":"Carroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199703000-00007","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy.","volume":"40","author":"Mestman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120921365231500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01957719","article-title":"Intellectual capacity of subjects exposed to methimazole or propylthiouracil in utero.","volume":"151","author":"Eisenstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb18424.x","article-title":"Neurologic development of the newborn and young child in relation to maternal thyroid function.","volume":"89","author":"Smit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1230311","article-title":"Antithyroid drug treatment of Graves\u2019 disease in pregnancy: long-term effects on somatic growth, intellectual development and thyroid function of the offspring.","volume":"123","author":"Messer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(80)80487-2","article-title":"Neonatal thyrotoxicosis: intellectual impairment and craniosynostosis in later years.","volume":"97","author":"Daneman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120921365231500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.03.009","article-title":"AHRQ series paper 5: grading the strength of a body of evidence when comparing medical interventions\u2014Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the effective health-care program.","volume":"63","author":"Owens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0450","article-title":"TSH-receptor autoimmunity in Graves\u2019 disease after therapy with anti-thyroid drugs, surgery, or radioiodine: a 5-year prospective randomized study.","volume":"158","author":"Laurberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120921365231500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.0087","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum.","volume":"21","author":"Stagnaro-Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B27","first-page":"14","author":"Matsuura","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00850.x","article-title":"Graves\u2019 disease in pregnancy: TSH receptor binding inhibiting immunoglobulins and maternal and neonatal thyroid function.","volume":"32","author":"Mortimer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-123","article-title":"Persistent high TRAb values during pregnancy predict increased risk of neonatal hyperthyroidism following radioiodine therapy for refractory hyperthyroidism.","volume":"58","author":"Hamada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921365231500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2555","article-title":"Management of Graves\u2019 disease during pregnancy: the key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring.","volume":"90","author":"Luton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1992.2.155","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to maternal TSH receptor antibodies.","volume":"2","author":"McKenzie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921365231500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02472.x","article-title":"Anti TSH-receptor antibodies in pregnant patients with autoimmune thyroid disorder.","volume":"97","author":"Clavel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.03.007","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal thyroid dysfunction in pregnancies complicated by Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"177","author":"Uenaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1390584","article-title":"Guidelines for TSH-receptor antibody measurements in pregnancy: results of an evidence-based symposium organized by the European Thyroid Association.","volume":"139","author":"Laurberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365231500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0254","article-title":"Predictive value of maternal second-generation thyroid-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin assay for neonatal autoimmune hyperthyroidism.","volume":"171","author":"Abeillon-du Payrat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4309","article-title":"Clinical review: Clinical utility of TSH receptor antibodies.","volume":"98","author":"Barbesino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9834-5","article-title":"Lack of standardized description of TRAb assays.","volume":"43","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70405-5","article-title":"Prediction of neonatal hyperthyroidism in infants born to mothers with Graves disease.","volume":"128","author":"Skuza","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80093-9","article-title":"Prediction of later development of thyrotoxicosis or central hypothyroidism from the cord serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level in neonates born to mothers with Graves disease.","volume":"115","author":"Tamaki","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.009","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal thyroid function in relation to maternal Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"18","author":"Polak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2009.22.6.547","article-title":"Thyroid disorders of neonates born to mothers with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"22","author":"Papendieck","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0489","article-title":"Follow-up of newborns of mothers with Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"24","author":"Levy-Shraga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-2-368","article-title":"Prediction and therapy of intrauterine and late-onset neonatal hyperthyroidism.","volume":"62","author":"Zakarija","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.v2i1.43","article-title":"Neonatal hyperthyroidism associated with isolated submandibular sialadenitis: is it just a coincidence?","volume":"2","author":"U\u00e7kun Kitap\u00e7\u0131","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01173.x","article-title":"Congenital thyrotoxicosis in premature infants.","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120921365231500_B46","first-page":"3099","article-title":"Methimazole and propylthiouracil equally cross the perfused human term placental lobule.","volume":"82","author":"Mortimer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365231500_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200608000-00001","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacotherapy of thionamides in pregnancy.","volume":"28","author":"Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.6.7573","article-title":"The use of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"86","author":"Mandel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.01078.x","article-title":"Thyroid function in wholly breast-feeding infants whose mothers take high doses of propylthiouracil.","volume":"53","author":"Momotani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B50","first-page":"41","article-title":"Breastfeeding and thyroid disease: a literature review.","volume":"20","author":"Speller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Breastfeed Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120921365231500_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2003.16.9.1239","article-title":"Intellectual development and thyroid function in children who were breast-fed by thyrotoxic mothers taking methimazole.","volume":"16","author":"Azizi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921365231500_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E337","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0652","article-title":"Treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy and birth defects.","volume":"95","author":"Clementi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120921365231500_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2860","article-title":"Treatment of Graves\u2019 disease with antithyroid drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformation.","volume":"97","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921365231500_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2831","article-title":"Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: a Danish nationwide study.","volume":"98","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365231500_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03495.x","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome, thyroid dysfunction and fetal goitre after in utero exposure to propylthiouracil: a controlled cohort study.","volume":"68","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120921365231500_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1072","article-title":"Adverse effects of prenatal methimazole exposure.","volume":"64","author":"Di Gianantonio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0850","article-title":"Putting propylthiouracil in perspective.","volume":"94","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120921365231500_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922812456898","article-title":"A preterm, female newborn with tachycardia, hypertension, poor weight gain, and irritability.","volume":"51","author":"Benjamin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2013.831044","article-title":"Severe fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism years after surgical treatment of maternal Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"34","author":"Dierickx","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2021120921365231500_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1308956","article-title":"Images in clinical medicine. Neonatal thyrotoxicosis.","volume":"370","author":"Bisschop","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120921365231500_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211687","article-title":"An unusual cause of neonatal coagulopathy and liver disease.","volume":"27","author":"Dryden","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9060-8","article-title":"A unique case of reversible myocardial ischemia in a hyperthyroid neonate.","volume":"29","author":"Trapali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120921365231500_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31817dae27","article-title":"Fetal and neonatal Graves disease: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"101","author":"Aslam","year":"2008","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"7244","key":"2021120921365231500_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1260","article-title":"Congenital neonatal thyrotoxicosis and previous maternal radioiodine therapy.","volume":"320","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.13.6.426.428","article-title":"Neonatal thyrotoxicosis and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.","volume":"13","author":"Beroukhim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E102","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12062","article-title":"Maternal thyrotoxicosis and fetal goitre requiring in utero therapy for hypothyroidism and subsequent neonatal therapy for hyperthyroidism.","volume":"49","author":"Groom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120921365231500_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0169","article-title":"The role of propylthiouracil in the management of Graves\u2019 disease in adults: report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the American Thyroid Association and the Food and Drug Administration.","volume":"19","author":"Bahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365231500_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2011.557068","article-title":"Toxicological considerations for antithyroid drugs in children.","volume":"7","author":"Karras","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1159\/000020989","article-title":"Efficacy of oral iodide therapy on neonatal hyperthyroidism caused by maternal Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"15","author":"Maragliano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365231500_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2007.20.4.535","article-title":"Neonatal hyperthyroidism: neonatal clinical course of two brothers born to a mother with Graves-Basedow disease, before and after total thyroidectomy.","volume":"20","author":"Zuppa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B71","author":"Angelis","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B72","author":"Rivkees","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.","volume":"21","author":"Bahn Chair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-119","article-title":"Treatment of neonatal hyperthyroidism due to Graves\u2019 disease with sodium ipodate.","volume":"64","author":"Karpman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120921365231500_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2005.18.12.1357","article-title":"Different outcomes of neonatal thyroid function after Graves\u2019 disease in pregnancy: patient reports and literature review.","volume":"18","author":"Kamishlian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120921365231500_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030665","article-title":"Central congenital hypothyroidism due to gestational hyperthyroidism: detection where prevention failed.","volume":"88","author":"Kempers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921365231500_B77","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Incidence of transient congenital hypothyroidism due to maternal thyrotropin receptor-blocking antibodies in over one million babies.","volume":"81","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120921365231500_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2128","article-title":"Central hypothyroidism in infants who were born to mothers with thyrotoxicosis before 32 weeks\u2019 gestation: 3 cases.","volume":"115","author":"Higuchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365231500_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2002.00741.x","article-title":"Maternal thyrotoxicosis causing central hypothyroidism in infants.","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000081361","article-title":"One case of fetal and neonatal variable thyroid dysfunction in the context of Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"20","author":"Brand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211732","article-title":"Premature twins of a mother with Graves\u2019 disease with discordant thyroid function: a case report.","volume":"27","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365231500_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2008.0348","article-title":"Central hypothyroidism in an infant born to an adequately treated mother with Graves\u2019 disease: an effect of maternally derived thyrotrophin receptor antibodies?","volume":"19","author":"Zwaveling-Soonawala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120921365231500_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2042","article-title":"Loss of integrity of thyroid morphology and function in children born to mothers with inadequately treated Graves\u2019 disease.","volume":"92","author":"Kempers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120921365231500_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2004.14.825","article-title":"Ultra short-loop feedback control of thyrotropin secretion.","volume":"14","author":"Prummel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921365231500_B85","first-page":"3633","article-title":"Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on fetal thyroid status in mothers with Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism.","volume":"82","author":"Momotani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2021120921365231500_B86","author":"Balucan","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921365231500_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0374","article-title":"Thyrotropin-blocking autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies: potential mechanisms involved in the pendulum swinging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism or vice versa.","volume":"23","author":"McLachlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thyroid"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-1878\/1093489\/peds_20151878.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-1878\/1093489\/peds_20151878.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T06:14:51Z","timestamp":1639116891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/137\/4\/e20151878\/81487\/Management-of-Neonates-Born-to-Mothers-With-Graves"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-1878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"article-number":"e20151878"}}