{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:37:51Z","timestamp":1773884271532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Daycare attendance has been associated with increased acute gastroenteritis (AGE) incidence in the first years of life. We investigated the effects of first-year daycare attendance on AGE incidence and primary care contact rate up to age 6 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children enrolled in the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn cohort were managed until age 6 years. Data on primary care diagnosed AGE episodes and number of associated contacts per episode were collected from health records. Children were categorized according to first year daycare attendance and age-month at entry when applicable. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess associations between first-year daycare and AGE incidence or primary care contact rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1344 out of 2220 children (83%) attended daycare before age 1 year. Overall, the 6-year primary care AGE incidence rate (IR) among first-year daycare attendees and nonattendees was comparable (IR: 12.2\/100 vs 13.3\/100 child-years). First-year daycare attendees had a higher AGE incidence during the first year (IRR: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.06\u20131.21) and lower during the third to sixth year of age compared with nonattendees (P &amp;lt; .001). The daycare-associated increase in AGE incidence was most pronounced during the first 12 months after enrollment into daycare and demonstrated clear seasonality. A similar pattern was observed for primary care contact rate per AGE episode.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>First-year daycare attendance advances the timing of AGE infections, resulting in increased AGE disease burden in the first year and relative protection thereafter. Protection against AGE infection persists at least up to age 6 years. Future studies should address whether this protective effect persists during later childhood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T12:22:21Z","timestamp":1461586941000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["First-year Daycare and Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Saskia","family":"Hullegie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Bruijning-Verhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, and"},{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuno S.P.M.","family":"Uiterwaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelis K.","family":"van der Ent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henriette A.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marieke L.A.","family":"de Hoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2021120904324927300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.7.666","article-title":"Sensor, a population-based cohort study on gastroenteritidis in the Netherlands, incidence and etiology.","volume":"154","author":"de Wit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904324927300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010113","article-title":"Gastroenteritis in sentinel general practices, the Netherlands.","volume":"7","author":"de Wit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120904324927300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1518-1","article-title":"Costs of gastroenteritis in the Netherlands, with special attention for severe cases.","volume":"31","author":"Friesema","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4 pt 1","key":"2021120904324927300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.743","article-title":"Effect of infection control measures on the frequency of diarrheal episodes in child care: a randomized, controlled trial.","volume":"105","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120904324927300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e334","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318290601e","article-title":"Infectious disease burden related to child day care in the Netherlands.","volume":"32","author":"Enserink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904324927300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.2.196","article-title":"Child care and common communicable illnesses in children aged 37 to 54 months.","volume":"157","author":"Bradley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904324927300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.4.481","article-title":"Child care and common communicable illnesses: Results from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care.","volume":"155","author":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120904324927300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00412.x","article-title":"Day care in relation to respiratory-tract and gastrointestinal infections in a German birth cohort study.","volume":"96","author":"Zutavern","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120904324927300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104940","article-title":"Gastrointestinal and respiratory illness in children that do and do not attend child day care centers: a cost-of-illness study.","volume":"9","author":"Enserink","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904324927300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2004.00411.x","article-title":"Child day care risks of common infectious diseases revisited.","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120904324927300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04142.x","article-title":"Incidence, impact on the family and cost of gastroenteritis among 4 to 6-year-old children in South Australia.","volume":"21","author":"Heyworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4 pt 1","key":"2021120904324927300_B12","article-title":"Health care utilization and expenditures associated with child care attendance: a nationally representative sample.","volume":"111","author":"Silverstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120904324927300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-62","article-title":"Burden of community-acquired and nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in the pediatric population of Western Europe: A scoping review.","volume":"12","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120904324927300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.5.e76","article-title":"Influence of day care attendance on the use of systemic antibiotics in 0- to 2-year-old children.","volume":"107","author":"Thrane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120904324927300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.216","article-title":"Short- and long-term risk of infections as a function of group child care attendance: An 8-year population-based study.","volume":"164","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120904324927300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv073","article-title":"Transient and sustained effects of child-care attendance on hospital admission for gastroenteritis.","volume":"44","author":"Enserink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120904324927300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000040530.98310.0c","article-title":"The Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER): Rationale and design.","volume":"19","author":"Katier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021120904324927300_B18","first-page":"809","article-title":"The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2): An essential tool in the EPR of the GP.","volume":"124","author":"Verbeke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904324927300_B19","first-page":"v","article-title":"The Netherlands: Health system review.","volume":"12","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Syst Transit"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120904324927300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e244","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31826a5ba1","article-title":"Rotavirus-related hospitalizations are responsible for high seasonal peaks in all-cause pediatric hospitalizations.","volume":"31","author":"Bruijning-Verhagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"434","key":"2021120904324927300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1996.10476908","volume":"91","year":"1996","journal-title":"JASA"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904324927300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100410","article-title":"Multiple imputation in health-care databases: an overview and some applications.","volume":"10","author":"Rubin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120904324927300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000183748.41027.a4","article-title":"Viral etiology and incidence of acute gastroenteritis in young children attending day-care centers.","volume":"24","author":"Rosenfeldt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120904324927300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1757","article-title":"Child care is not a substantial risk factor for gastrointestinal infection hospitalization.","volume":"122","author":"Kamper-J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904324927300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89496","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089496","article-title":"High detection rates of enteropathogens in asymptomatic children attending day care.","volume":"9","author":"Enserink","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904324927300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.2.121","article-title":"Influence of attendance at day care on the common cold from birth through 13 years of age.","volume":"156","author":"Ball","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2021120904324927300_B27","unstructured":"van Oploo\u2008M\n          , Engelen M. Tweemeting trendonderzoek kinderopvang eindrapport [Trend research in childcare]. Available at: https:\/\/www.rijksoverheid.nl\/documenten\/rapporten\/2007\/05\/14\/tweemeting-trendonderzoek-kinderopvang. Accessed April 4, 2015"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3356\/1060496\/peds_20153356.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3356\/1060496\/peds_20153356.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:27:09Z","timestamp":1639085229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/137\/5\/e20153356\/51981\/First-year-Daycare-and-Incidence-of-Acute"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"article-number":"e20153356"}}