{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T04:53:05Z","timestamp":1767675185547,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While children born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; &amp;lt;1000 g) are at elevated risk for peer victimization, no research has examined its effects on mental health in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ELBW survivors and matched normal birth weight (NBW; &amp;gt;2500 g) controls were part of a prospective, population-based study in Ontario, Canada. Peer victimization before age 16 was self-reported at age 22 to 26 years by using a 10-point measure. Presence of psychiatric disorders was examined at age 22 to 26 years (ELBW n = 142, NBW n = 133) and age 29 to 36 years (ELBW n = 84, NBW n = 90).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjustment for confounding variables, for each 1-point increase in the peer victimization score, ELBW survivors had increased odds of current depressive (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23\u20132.28), anxiety (OR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.05\u20131.76), avoidant (OR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.08\u20131.79), antisocial (OR = 1.92, 95% CI, 1.06\u20132.87), and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity (OR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.06\u20131.83) problems at age 22 to 26 years. At age 29 to 36 years, peer victimization score predicted increased odds of current panic disorder (OR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.01\u20132.83) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 3.56, 95% CI, 1.25\u201310.09). For NBW controls, peer victimization predicted increased odds of antisocial problems at age 22 to 26 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ELBW survivorsand NBW participants are vulnerable to the adverse psychiatric effects of childhood peer victimization in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T03:03:51Z","timestamp":1455764631000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Long-term Psychiatric Impact of Peer Victimization in Adults Born at Extremely Low Birth Weight"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Kimberly L.","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Vaillancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, and"},{"name":"Counselling Psychology and School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saroj","family":"Saigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021121016434357000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.504","article-title":"Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence.","volume":"70","author":"Copeland","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121016434357000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039174","article-title":"Long-term adult outcomes of peer victimization in childhood and adolescence: pathways to adjustment and maladjustment.","volume":"70","author":"McDougall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121016434357000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613481608","article-title":"Impact of bullying in childhood on adult health, wealth, crime, and social outcomes.","volume":"24","author":"Wolke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2021121016434357000_B4","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sweden","volume-title":"The Nature of School Bullying: A Cross-National Perspective","author":"Olweus","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-5414-8","article-title":"Cross-national time trends in bullying behaviour 1994-2006: findings from Europe and North America.","volume":"54","author":"Molcho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121016434357000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20374","article-title":"Prospective linkages between peer victimization and externalizing problems in children: a meta-analysis.","volume":"37","author":"Reijntjes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121016434357000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.07.009","article-title":"Peer victimization and internalizing problems in children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.","volume":"34","author":"Reijntjes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1108\/17596591111132873","article-title":"Do the victims of school bullies tend to become depressed later in life? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.","volume":"3","author":"Ttofi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Aggress Conflict Peace Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121016434357000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306667","article-title":"Long-term effects of bullying.","volume":"100","author":"Wolke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021121016434357000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922815580770","article-title":"Peer victimization in extremely low birth weight survivors.","volume":"54","author":"Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121016434357000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01253.x","article-title":"Bullying among adolescents with very low birth weight.","volume":"98","author":"Grindvik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121016434357000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb01007.x","article-title":"Victimization: a newly recognized outcome of prematurity.","volume":"46","author":"Nadeau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121016434357000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.11.004","article-title":"Bullying of extremely low birth weight children: associated risk factors during adolescence.","volume":"89","author":"Yau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121016434357000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F451","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.037788","article-title":"Motor skills in adolescents with low birth weight.","volume":"89","author":"Evensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121016434357000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80043-5","article-title":"Cognitive abilities and school performance of extremely low birth weight children and matched term control children at age 8 years: a regional study.","volume":"118","author":"Saigal","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121016434357000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01612.x","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders and other psychiatric outcomes in very low birthweight children at 12 years.","volume":"38","author":"Botting","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31819e6a16","article-title":"Behavioral outcomes of extremely low birth weight children at age 8 years.","volume":"30","author":"Hack","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200102000-00002","article-title":"Cognition, academic progress, behavior and self-concept at 14 years of very low birth weight children.","volume":"22","author":"Rickards","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2013.844072","article-title":"Protective factors against the impact of school bullying perpetration and victimization on young adult externalizing and internalizing problems.","volume":"13","author":"Hemphill","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sch Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2013.841586","article-title":"The impact of bullying perpetration and victimization on later violence and psychological distress: a study of resilience among a Scottish youth cohort.","volume":"13","author":"McVie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sch Violence"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121016434357000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710002357","article-title":"Psychopathology in young adults born at extremely low birth weight.","volume":"41","author":"Boyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121016434357000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.02111.x","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity in two low birth weight groups assessed by diagnostic interview in young adulthood.","volume":"100","author":"Lund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121016434357000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12102","article-title":"Self-perceived health status and mental health outcomes in young adults born with less than 1000g.","volume":"102","author":"Natalucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01388.x","article-title":"Frontal electroencephalogram asymmetry, salivary cortisol, and internalizing behavior problems in young adults who were born at extremely low birth weight.","volume":"81","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121016434357000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3143","article-title":"Mental health of extremely low birth weight survivors in their 30s.","volume":"135","author":"Van Lieshout","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121016434357000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.02.055","article-title":"Bullying of preterm children and emotional problems at school age: cross-culturally invariant effects.","volume":"166","author":"Wolke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121016434357000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80093-1","article-title":"Outcome in infants 501 to 1000 gm birth weight delivered to residents of the McMaster Health Region.","volume":"105","author":"Saigal","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121016434357000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.05.003","article-title":"Measurement of victimization in adolescence: development and validation of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire.","volume":"32","author":"Walsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki105","article-title":"Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: international comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries.","volume":"15","author":"Due","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the Young Adult Self-Report and Young Adult Behavior Checklist","year":"1997","author":"Achenbach","key":"2021121016434357000_B30"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa8401_10","article-title":"DSM-oriented scales and statistically based syndromes for ages 18 to 59: linking taxonomic paradigms to facilitate multitaxonomic approaches.","volume":"84","author":"Achenbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121016434357000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X","article-title":"The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability.","volume":"12","author":"Sheehan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021121016434357000_B33","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10.","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"volume-title":"Two-Factor Index of Social Position (Mimeograph)","year":"1969","author":"Hollingshead","key":"2021121016434357000_B34"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1988.00097.x","article-title":"Ontario Child Health Study: reliability and validity of the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device.","volume":"27","author":"Byles","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fam Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.1983.tb01497.x","article-title":"The McMaster family assessment device.","volume":"9","author":"Epstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Marital Fam Ther"},{"volume-title":"Integrative Guide for the 1991 CBCL\/4-18, YSR, and TRF Profiles","year":"1991","author":"Achenbach","key":"2021121016434357000_B37"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3624-x","article-title":"Multiple imputation: a mature approach to dealing with missing data.","volume":"41","author":"Chevret","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121016434357000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00351.x","article-title":"When more is not better: the role of cumulative risk in child behavior outcomes.","volume":"46","author":"Appleyard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70294-1","article-title":"Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances.","volume":"8","author":"Volpe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121016434357000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21308","article-title":"Linking extremely low birth weight and internalizing behaviors in adult survivors: influences of neuroendocrine dysregulation.","volume":"57","author":"Waxman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121016434357000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12012","article-title":"Prenatal family adversity and maternal mental health and vulnerability to peer victimisation at school.","volume":"54","author":"Lereya","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.06.011","article-title":"Worse than sticks and stones? Bullying is associated with altered HPA axis functioning and poorer health.","volume":"77","author":"Knack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121016434357000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2011.06.012","article-title":"Peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and high salivary cortisol predict poorer memory in children.","volume":"77","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"2021121016434357000_B45","article-title":"The neurobiology of peer victimization: longitudinal links to health, genetic risk, and epigenetic mechanisms","volume-title":"Handbook of Bullying Prevention: A Life Course Perspective","author":"Vaillancourt","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121016434357000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1348\/026151001166001","article-title":"Retrospective reports of school bullying: stability of recall and its implications for research.","volume":"19","author":"Rivers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2021121016434357000_B47","first-page":"315","article-title":"Victimization by peers: antecedents and long-term outcomes","volume-title":"Social Withdrawal, Inhibition and Shyness","author":"Olweus","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121016434357000_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01664.x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and bullying in adolescence.","volume":"99","author":"Fris\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"volume-title":"Bullying Surveillance Among Youths: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements","year":"2014","author":"Gladden","key":"2021121016434357000_B49"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3383\/922823\/peds_20153383.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3383\/922823\/peds_20153383.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T05:09:04Z","timestamp":1639199344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/137\/3\/e20153383\/81437\/Long-term-Psychiatric-Impact-of-Peer-Victimization"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"article-number":"e20153383"}}