{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:03:01Z","timestamp":1781067781669,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the agreement between weight-for-length and BMI-for-age in children 0 to &amp;lt;2 years by using research-collected data, examine factors that may affect agreement, and determine if agreement differs between research- and routinely collected data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional data on healthy, term-born children (n = 1632) aged 0 to &amp;lt;2 years attending the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada (December 2008\u2013October 2014) were collected. Multiple visits for each child were included. Length (cm) and weight (kg) measurements were obtained by trained research assistants during research visits, and by nonresearch staff during all other visits. BMI-for-age z-scores were compared with weight-for-length z-scores (the criterion measure).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The correlation between weight-for-length and BMI-for-age was strong (r = 0.986, P &amp;lt; .0001) and Bland-Altman plots revealed good agreement (difference = \u22120.08, SD = 0.20, P = .91). A small proportion (6.3%) of observations were misclassified and most misclassifications occurred near the percentile cutoffs. There were no differences by age and sex. Agreement was similar between research- and routinely collected data (r = 0.99, P &amp;lt; .001; mean difference \u22120.84, SD = 0.20, P = .67).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weight-for-length and BMI-for-age demonstrated high agreement with low misclassification. BMI-for-age may be an appropriate indicator of growth in the first 2 years of life and has the potential to be used from birth to adulthood. Additional investigation is needed to determine if BMI-for-age in children &amp;lt;2 years is associated with future health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]],"date-time":"2016-06-24T09:07:29Z","timestamp":1466759249000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["BMI-for-Age and Weight-for-Length in Children 0 to 2 Years"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Kayla R.","family":"Furlong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura N.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, and"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health,"},{"name":"The Applied Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Lebovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Applied Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia C.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, and"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, and"},{"name":"Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon L.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Applied Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, and"},{"name":"Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and"},{"name":"Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Birken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, and"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, and"},{"name":"Paediatric Outcomes Research Team, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120904544156400_B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.","volume":"854","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.4.650","article-title":"Anthropometric reference data for international use: recommendations from a World Health Organization Expert Committee.","volume":"64","author":"de Onis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904544156400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.3148\/71.1.2010.54","volume":"71","author":"Dietitians of Canada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Diet Pract Res"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of World Health Organization and CDC growth charts for children aged 0-59 months in the United States.","volume":"59","author":"Grummer-Strawn","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120904544156400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.09.018","article-title":"Position of the American Dietetic Association: promoting and supporting breastfeeding.","volume":"109","author":"James","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B6","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x","article-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards based on length\/height, weight and age.","volume":"450","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904544156400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265040251S104","article-title":"The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: planning, study design, and methodology.","volume":"25","author":"de Onis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B9","author":"de Onis","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061690","article-title":"The Spanish strategy for nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of obesity.","volume":"96","author":"Neira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904544156400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2014.10.002","article-title":"Preventing childhood overweight and obesity.","volume":"91","author":"de Onis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012004776","article-title":"Association between WHO cut-offs for childhood overweight and obesity and cardiometabolic risk.","volume":"16","author":"de Onis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195171693.001.0001","volume-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson","year":"2005","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B14","volume-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards: Length\/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development","author":"WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904544156400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108314386","article-title":"Field testing of the 2006 World Health Organization growth charts from birth to 2 years: assessment of hospital undernutrition and overnutrition rates and the usefulness of BMI.","volume":"32","author":"Nash","year":"2008","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120904544156400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.05.048","article-title":"Comparison of the prevalence of shortness, underweight, and overweight among US children aged 0 to 59 months by using the CDC 2000 and the WHO 2006 growth charts.","volume":"153","author":"Mei","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120904544156400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29786","article-title":"Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children.","volume":"92","author":"de Onis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904544156400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000681","article-title":"Methods and dimensions of electronic health record data quality assessment: enabling reuse for clinical research.","volume":"20","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120904544156400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00141","article-title":"Toward reuse of clinical data for research and quality improvement: the end of the beginning?","volume":"151","author":"Weiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904544156400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-305970","article-title":"Agreement between routine and research measurement of infant height and weight.","volume":"100","author":"Bryant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120904544156400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.162552","article-title":"Accuracy of height and weight data from child health records.","volume":"94","author":"Howe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120904544156400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu123","article-title":"Cohort profile: The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!).","volume":"44","author":"Carsley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B23","author":"Statistics Canada"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.015","article-title":"Evaluating the accuracy of a geographic closed-ended approach to ethnicity measurement, a practical alternative.","volume":"24","author":"Omand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120904544156400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.6.978","article-title":"Validity of body mass index compared with other body-composition screening indexes for the assessment of body fatness in children and adolescents.","volume":"75","author":"Mei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904544156400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70433-0","article-title":"Body mass index as a measure of adiposity among children and adolescents: a validation study.","volume":"132","author":"Pietrobelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B27","first-page":"238","article-title":"The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: strategy for developing a new international growth reference.","volume":"56","author":"de Onis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Forum Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B28","first-page":"489","article-title":"The presentation and use of height and weight data for comparing the nutritional status of groups of children under the age of 10 years.","volume":"55","author":"Waterlow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.4.982","article-title":"Comparison of the use of body mass index percentiles and percentage of ideal body weight to screen for malnutrition in children with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904544156400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.1.149","article-title":"Field-testing the WHO child growth standards in four countries.","volume":"137","author":"Onyango","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2021120904544156400_B31","author":"Albanese","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004194","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004194","article-title":"Correlations of skin fold thickness and validation of prediction equations using DEXA as the gold standard for estimation of body fat composition in Pakistani children.","volume":"4","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120904544156400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.2.613","article-title":"Body composition techniques and the four-compartment model in children.","volume":"89","author":"Fields","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120904544156400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.350","article-title":"Similarity of the CDC and WHO weight-for-length growth charts in predicting risk of obesity at age 5 years.","volume":"20","author":"Rifas-Shiman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120904544156400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1149","article-title":"Weight status in the first 6 months of life and obesity at 3 years of age.","volume":"123","author":"Taveras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120904544156400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.05.010","article-title":"Size at birth, infant growth, and blood pressure at three years of age.","volume":"151","author":"Belfort","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120904544156400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00709.x","article-title":"BMI and objectively measured body fat and body fat distribution in prepubertal children.","volume":"27","author":"Dencker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120904544156400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803026","article-title":"Comparison of body fatness measurements by BMI and skinfolds vs dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.","volume":"29","author":"Steinberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120904544156400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.104","article-title":"Classification of body fatness by body mass index-for-age categories among children.","volume":"163","author":"Freedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120904544156400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7760","article-title":"Body mass index as a measure of adiposity in children and adolescents: relationship to adiposity by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and to cardiovascular risk factors.","volume":"86","author":"Lindsay","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3809\/921091\/peds_20153809.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3809\/921091\/peds_20153809.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T21:36:12Z","timestamp":1718660172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/138\/1\/e20153809\/52484\/BMI-for-Age-and-Weight-for-Length-in-Children-0-to"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-3809","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"article-number":"e20153809"}}