{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:11:36Z","timestamp":1791418296430,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>CONTEXT:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children who experienced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be at increased risk for adverse neurologic developmental outcomes during the school-age years of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the effect of IUGR on cognition and behavior in school-aged children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched for English-language articles published after 1980.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DATA SELECTION<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included case-control studies reporting cognitive and\/or behavioral data of children who had IUGR and were evaluated afterfifth birthday.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive data from 15 studies and behavioral data from 6 studies were selected with a total of 1559 cases and 1630 controls. The cognitive scores and behavioral outcomes were extracted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The controls had significantly higher cognitive scores than the children with IUGR (standardized mean difference [SMD] \u20130.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u20130.51 to \u20130.25, P &amp;lt; .00001). The IQ scores of the IUGR group were not significantly correlated with mean birth weight and gestational age (P &amp;gt; .05). Five trials were included in the behavioral outcomes trial, the behavior scores were significantly different between the groups with and without IUGR (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48, P = .001). The incidence of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was not significantly different between 2 groups (P = .11).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The number of studies that assessed behavioral and ADHD outcome is small.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings demonstrate that IUGR is associated with lower cognitive scores in school-age children. However, further large-scale trials are needed to assess the effects of IUGR on the outcome of behavioral disorder and ADHD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T12:18:09Z","timestamp":1458130689000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction School-Age Children"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Juncao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiju","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Division, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120921365784600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-37-41","article-title":"Intrauterine growth retardation-small events, big consequences.","volume":"37","author":"Saleem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365784600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s13669-013-0041-z","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): etiology and diagnosis.","volume":"2","author":"Suhag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep"},{"key":"2021120921365784600_B3","first-page":"S25","article-title":"Linear growth retardation in relation to the three phases of growth.","volume":"48","author":"Karlberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6 pt 1","key":"2021120921365784600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1253","article-title":"International Small for Gestational Age Advisory Board consensus development conference statement: management of short children born small for gestational age, April 24-October 1, 2001.","volume":"111","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120921365784600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F322","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.120485","article-title":"Neurocognitive outcome following fetal growth restriction.","volume":"93","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921365784600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2857","article-title":"Visual function at 11 years of age in preterm-born children with and without fetal brain sparing.","volume":"119","author":"Kok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921365784600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.2.301","article-title":"Learning, cognitive, and attentional problems in adolescents born small for gestational age.","volume":"112","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"15","key":"2021120921365784600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. 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