{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:40:03Z","timestamp":1792842003997,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from clinical trials support the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for initial respiratory management in preterm infants, but there is concern regarding the potential failure of CPAP support. We aimed to examine the incidence and explore the outcomes of CPAP failure in Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network data from 2007 to 2013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from inborn preterm infants managed on CPAP from the outset were analyzed in 2 gestational age ranges (25\u201328 and 29\u201332 completed weeks). Outcomes after CPAP failure (need for intubation &amp;lt;72 hours) were compared with those succeeding on CPAP using adjusted odds ratios (AORs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the cohort of 19\u2009103 infants, 11\u2009684 were initially managed on CPAP. Failure of CPAP occurred in 863 (43%) of 1989 infants commencing on CPAP at 25\u201328 weeks\u2019 gestation and 2061 (21%) of 9695 at 29\u201332 weeks. CPAP failure was associated with a substantially higher rate of pneumothorax, and a heightened risk of death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and other morbidities compared with those managed successfully on CPAP. The incidence of death or BPD was also increased: (25\u201328 weeks: 39% vs 20%, AOR 2.30, 99% confidence interval 1.71\u20133.10; 29\u201332 weeks: 12% vs 3.1%, AOR 3.62 [2.76\u20134.74]). The CPAP failure group had longer durations of respiratory support and hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CPAP failure in preterm infants is associated with increased risk of mortality and major morbidities, including BPD. Strategies to promote successful CPAP application should be pursued vigorously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T09:07:43Z","timestamp":1467277663000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":209,"title":["Incidence and Outcome of CPAP Failure in Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Dargaville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, and Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio G.","family":"De Paoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Omar F.","family":"Kamlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; 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