{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:33:03Z","timestamp":1780579983335,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood nephrotic syndrome, in which steroid-dependence occurs concurrently with steroid-resistance, requires aggressive therapy to prevent relapse. Predictive biomarkers that can be used to stratify treatment are urgently needed. Here we report that reciprocal regulation of the glucocorticoid metabolizing enzymes, 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2, is associated with steroid-responsiveness and disease remission in childhood nephrotic syndrome, potentially providing a marker to identify patients in which aggressive therapy is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T09:07:21Z","timestamp":1470733641000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reciprocal Regulation of 11\u03b2-HSDs May Predict Steroid Sensitivity in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Shuji","family":"Sai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan;"},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen E.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruaki","family":"Hongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Iwata City Hospital; Iwata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2021120907155706100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.12.020","article-title":"Time for initial response to steroids is a major prognostic factor in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.","volume":"156","author":"Vivarelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9384","key":"2021120907155706100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14184-0","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in childhood.","volume":"362","author":"Eddy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120907155706100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2385-4","article-title":"Low expression of glucocorticoid receptors in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.","volume":"28","author":"Hammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120907155706100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050675","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptors in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.","volume":"13","author":"Haack","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120907155706100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2009.04.016","article-title":"Differential regulation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 by dexamethasone in glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant childhood lymphoblastic leukemia.","volume":"33","author":"Sai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120907155706100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2011.07.002","article-title":"Expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 contributes to glucocorticoid resistance in lymphoblastic leukemia cells.","volume":"35","author":"Sai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907155706100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12498","article-title":"Three year outcome of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome under a unified immunosuppressive protocol.","volume":"57","author":"Hibino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120907155706100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00020.2012","article-title":"11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: intracellular gate-keepers of tissue glucocorticoid action.","volume":"93","author":"Chapman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120907155706100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.2.8593833","article-title":"The ontogeny of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression reveal intricate control of glucocorticoid action in development.","volume":"137","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907155706100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1810105","article-title":"Ontogeny of glucocorticoid receptor and 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 gene expression identifies potential critical periods of glucocorticoid susceptibility during development.","volume":"181","author":"Speirs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"39","key":"2021120907155706100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30232","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001286200","article-title":"C\/EBP regulates hepatic transcription of 11beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. 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