{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:45:14Z","timestamp":1790649914571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood apraxia of speech is a neurologic speech sound disorder in which children have difficulty constructing words and sounds due to poor motor planning and coordination of the articulators required for speech sound production. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy strongly suspected to have childhood apraxia of speech at 18 months of age who used multimodal communication to facilitate language development throughout his work with a speech language pathologist. In 18 months of an intensive structured program, he exhibited atypical rapid improvement, progressing from having no intelligible speech to achieving age-appropriate articulation. We suspect that early introduction of sign language by family proved to be a highly effective form of language development, that when coupled with intensive oro-motor and speech sound therapy, resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T05:07:17Z","timestamp":1470287237000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bridging the Gap Between Speech and Language: Using Multimodal Treatment in a Child With Apraxia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Cheryl D.","family":"Tierney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation and Development, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Pitterle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Supervisor of Speech Language Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nakhla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlyn","family":"Todorow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120907151157600_B1","author":"Ad Hoc Committee on Childhood Apraxia of Speech; American Speech-Language-Hearing Association"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120907151157600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2009.04.002","article-title":"Language and learning: a discussion of typical and disordered development.","volume":"39","author":"Grizzle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120907151157600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12154","article-title":"Treatment intensity and childhood apraxia of speech.","volume":"50","author":"Namasivayam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Lang Commun Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907151157600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-112","article-title":"A comparison of two treatments for childhood apraxia of speech: methods and treatment protocol for a parallel group randomised control trial.","volume":"12","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120907151157600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJSLP-13-0035","article-title":"A systematic review of treatment outcomes for children with childhood apraxia of speech.","volume":"23","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120907151157600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/07434619912331278615","article-title":"Augmentative and alternative communication options for children with developmental apraxia of speech: three case studies.","volume":"15","author":"Cumley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Augment Altern Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907151157600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3109\/07434618.2014.1001520","article-title":"Simultaneous natural speech and AAC interventions for children with childhood apraxia of speech: lessons from a speech-language pathologist focus group.","volume":"31","author":"Oommen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Augment Altern Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907151157600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/0265659010369985","article-title":"Intervention for childhood apraxia of speech: A Single-case study.","volume":"27","author":"Martikainen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Lang Teach Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120907151157600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2014.913715","article-title":"Impact of speech-generating devices on the language development of a child with childhood apraxia of speech: a case study.","volume":"11","author":"Luke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2021120907151157600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280110036517","article-title":"The use of a digital voice output device to facilitate language development in a child with developmental apraxia of speech: a case study.","volume":"23","author":"Bornman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2021120907151157600_B11","author":"Tukel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120907151157600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-014-0016-4","article-title":"Motor-based intervention protocols in treatment of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).","volume":"1","author":"Maas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Dev Disord Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120907151157600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-S-13-0179","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial for children with childhood apraxia of speech comparing rapid syllable transition treatment and the Nuffield Dyspraxia Programme-third edition.","volume":"58","author":"Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2021120907151157600_B14","volume-title":"The Handbook of Augmentative and Alternative Communication","author":"Glennen","year":"1997"},{"key":"2021120907151157600_B15","unstructured":"Gretz\u2008S. Using sign language with children who have apraxia of speech. Apraxia-KIDS: a program of The Childhood Apraxia of Speech Association (CASANA). Available at: www.apraxia-kids.org\/library\/using-sign-language-with-children-who-have-apraxia-of-speech\/. 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