{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:49:12Z","timestamp":1792043352474,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n The underlying influences on different patterns of BMI development are not well understood, and psychosocial outcomes linked to BMI development have been little investigated. Objectives were to identify BMI developmental trajectories across the first decade of life, examine early life predictors of trajectory membership, and investigate whether being on a particular BMI trajectory is associated with markers of psychosocial well-being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n We used latent class analysis to derive BMI trajectories by using data collected at ages 3, 5, 7, and 11 years on 16\u2009936 participants from the Millennium Cohort Study. Regression models were used to estimate predictors of BMI trajectory membership and their psychosocial correlates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n Four trajectories were identified: 83.8% had an average \u201cstable\u201d nonoverweight BMI, 0.6% were in a \u201cdecreasing\u201d group, 13.1% had \u201cmoderate increasing\u201d BMIs, and 2.5% had \u201chigh increasing\u201d BMIs. Predictors of \u201cmoderate\u201d and \u201chigh\u201d increasing group membership were smoking in pregnancy (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.17 and 1.97, respectively), maternal BMI (ORs = 1.10 and 1.14), skipping breakfast (ORs = 1.66 and 1.76), nonregular bedtimes (ORs = 1.22 and 1.55). Children in the \u201cmoderate\u201d and \u201chigh\u201d increasing groups had worse scores for emotional symptoms, peer problems, happiness, body satisfaction, and self-esteem, and those in the \u201chigh increasing\u201d group were more likely to have tried alcohol and cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Several potentially modifiable early life factors including smoking in pregnancy, skipping breakfast, and bedtime routines were important predictors of BMI development in the overweight and obese range, and high BMI growth was linked to worse psychosocial well-being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T13:49:21Z","timestamp":1478872161000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["BMI Development and Early Adolescent Psychosocial Well-Being: UK Millennium Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveetha","family":"Patalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Sacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021120905010229500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2012.00112.x","article-title":"Identification of distinct body mass index trajectories in Australian children.","volume":"8","author":"Magee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120905010229500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431612439937","article-title":"The interactive role of socioeconomic status, race\/ethnicity, and birth weight on trajectories of body mass index growth in children and adolescents.","volume":"33","author":"Danner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Early Adolesc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120905010229500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.585","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of overweight during childhood: role of early life factors.","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120905010229500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0622-7","article-title":"Trajectories of overweight among US school children: a focus on social and economic characteristics.","volume":"15","author":"Balistreri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120905010229500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.153","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of body mass index in early childhood and their risk factors: an 8-year longitudinal study.","volume":"165","author":"Pryor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120905010229500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047065","article-title":"Trajectories of childhood weight gain: the relative importance of local environment versus individual social and early life factors.","volume":"7","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120905010229500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803611","article-title":"The ecology of childhood overweight: a 12-year longitudinal analysis.","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120905010229500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.123","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of girls\u2019 BMI across childhood and adolescence.","volume":"17","author":"Ventura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120905010229500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4101382","article-title":"Body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to 11.5 years: relation to early life food intake.","volume":"4","author":"Garden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120905010229500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.42","article-title":"Growth trajectories in early childhood, their relationship with antenatal and postnatal factors, and development of obesity by age 9 years: results from an Australian birth cohort study.","volume":"39","author":"Giles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120905010229500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131231","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131231","article-title":"Early risk factors of overweight developmental trajectories during middle childhood.","volume":"10","author":"Pryor","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021120905010229500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21158","article-title":"Body mass index trajectories from ages 1 to 20: results from two nationally representative Canadian longitudinal cohorts.","volume":"23","author":"Tu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120905010229500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv219","article-title":"Why are poorer children at higher risk of obesity and overweight? 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