{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:13:58Z","timestamp":1785500038629,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the longitudinal development of intelligence and its relation to school performance in a nationwide cohort of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survivors and evaluate predictors of outcome at 8 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Repeated measurements assessed intelligence of neonatal ECMO survivors at 2, 5, and 8 years (n = 178) with the use of validated, standardized instruments. Selective attention (n = 148) and type of education were evaluated in the 8-year-olds.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intelligence remained stable and average across development (mean \u00b1 SD IQ: at 2 years, 102 \u00b1 18; at 5 years, 100 \u00b1 17; and at 8 years, 99 \u00b1 17 [P = .15]). Children attending regular education without the need for help (n = 101; mean z score: \u20131.50 \u00b1 1.93) performed significantly better on the selective attention task compared with those children who needed extra help (n = 65; mean z score: \u20132.54 \u00b1 3.18) or those attending special education (n = 13; mean z score: \u20134.14 \u00b1 3.63) (P = .03). However, only children attending special education had below-average intelligence (mean IQ: 76 \u00b1 15), compared with average intelligence for those attending regular education, both with help (mean IQ: 95 \u00b1 15) and without help (mean IQ: 105 \u00b1 16). Compared with children with other diagnoses, children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) scored significantly lower on both IQ (CDH, mean IQ: 93 \u00b1 20; meconium aspiration syndrome, mean IQ: 100 \u00b1 15; other diagnoses, mean IQ: 100 \u00b1 19 [P = .04]) and selective attention (CDH, mean z score: \u20133.48 \u00b1 3.46; meconium aspiration syndrome, mean z score: \u20131.60 \u00b1 2.13; other diagnoses, mean z score: \u20131.65 \u00b1 2.39 [P = .002]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For the majority of neonatal ECMO survivors, intelligence testing alone did not identify those at risk for academic problems. We propose internationally standardized follow-up protocols that focus on long-term, problem-oriented neuropsychological assessment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]],"date-time":"2016-10-06T09:07:51Z","timestamp":1475744871000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Neuropsychological Follow-up After Neonatal ECMO"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Raisa M.","family":"Schiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlous J.","family":"Madderom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda J.C.M.","family":"Reuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Psychology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia J.","family":"Gischler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick","family":"Tibboel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arno F.J.","family":"van Heijst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke","family":"IJsselstijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120921184067800_B1","volume-title":"ECLS Registry Report, International Summary, January 2016.","author":"The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO)","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021120921184067800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2973-1","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental, educational and behavioral outcome at 8 years after neonatal ECMO: a nationwide multicenter study.","volume":"39","author":"Madderom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120921184067800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1167","article-title":"United Kingdom collaborative randomized trial of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: follow-up to age 7 years.","volume":"117","author":"McNally","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921184067800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001626","article-title":"Growing up after critical illness: verbal, visual-spatial, and working memory problems in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors.","volume":"44","author":"Madderom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120921184067800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.10.870","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a follow up assessment of preterm infants at 5 years of age.","volume":"88","author":"de Kleine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2021120921184067800_B6","unstructured":"The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO)\n          . 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