{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:40:22Z","timestamp":1789717222509,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infantile hemangioma (IH) includes, among its other risk factors, familial clustering, but a definitive understanding of IH\u2019s inheritance model and genetic basis is lacking. Our objective was to collect IH pedigrees in Finland, to study the inheritance patterns of IH within these families, and to analyze the characteristics of familial IHs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 185 patients with IH who visited our vascular anomaly clinic between 2004 and 2007. Based on hospital records and a questionnaire sent to these patients and their families, IH characteristics and family history of IH were studied. We compared characteristics between patients with positive (familial) and negative (sporadic) IH family history. Families with positive IH family history were further interviewed for extended pedigree data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-third of our IH cohort\u2019s families reported a family history positive for IH, with IH characteristics and perinatal data between the familial and sporadic cases being similar. IH patients with affected first-degree relatives reported higher long-term discomfort rates than the sporadic cases. Of the 40 families interviewed, 11 included \u22654 IH-affected family members; these were most commonly first-degree relatives (63%). Segregation patterns match with autosomal dominant inheritance with an incomplete penetrance or maternal transmission. We also present a case of monozygotic twins that manifest identical IHs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on this large number of IH pedigrees, we suggest at least 2 possible mechanisms of inheritance: autosomal dominant and maternal transmission. This study highlights the need for additional genetic studies to define inheritance of this common disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T05:15:31Z","timestamp":1476249331000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Inheritance Patterns of Infantile Hemangioma"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Eeva","family":"Castr\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children\u2019s and Adolescent\u2019s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miikka","family":"Vikkula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pitk\u00e4ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Klockars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121118260351600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics.","volume":"69","author":"Mulliken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121118260351600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(00)80013-1","article-title":"Vascular anomalies.","volume":"37","author":"Mulliken","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Probl Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121118260351600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12804","article-title":"Prospective study of infantile haemangiomas: incidence, clinical characteristics and association with placental anomalies.","volume":"170","author":"Munden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121118260351600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3673","article-title":"Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies.","volume":"136","author":"Wassef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121118260351600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12042","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal risk factors for infantile hemangioma: a case-control study.","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121118260351600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.12.1567","article-title":"Hemangiomas of infancy: clinical characteristics, morphologic subtypes, and their relationship to race, ethnicity, and sex.","volume":"138","author":"Chiller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121118260351600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01568.x","article-title":"A prospective study of infantile hemangiomas with a focus on incidence and risk factors.","volume":"28","author":"Dickison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121118260351600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2011.01214.x","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of infantile haemangiomas: a case-control study in the Dutch population.","volume":"26","author":"Hoornweg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121118260351600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2008.00626.x","article-title":"Infantile hemangiomas: how common are they? 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