{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:20:07Z","timestamp":1793740807622,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants remains a major health burden despite many therapeutic interventions. Inhaled corticosteroids (IC) may be a safe and effective therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n To assess the safety and efficacy of IC for prevention or treatment of BPD or death in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL from their inception until November 2015 together with other relevant sources.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n Randomized controlled trials of ICs versus placebo for either prevention or treatment of BPD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n This meta-analysis used a random-effects model with assessment of quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-eight trials were identified, and 16 met inclusion criteria. ICs were associated with a significant reduction in death or BPD at 36 weeks\u2019 postmenstrual age (risk ratio [RR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75 to 0.99, I2 = 0%, P = .03; 6 trials, n = 1285). BPD was significantly reduced (RR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.91, I2 = 0%, 7 trials, n = 1168), although there was no effect on death (RR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.2, I2 = 50%, 7 trials, n = 1270). No difference was found for death or BPD at 28 days\u2019 postnatal age. The use of systemic steroids was significantly reduced in treated infants (13 trials, n = 1537, RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.98 I2 = 3%,). No significant differences were found in neonatal morbidities and other adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Long-term follow-up data are awaited from a recent large randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Very preterm infants appear to benefit from ICs with reduced risk for BPD and no effect on death, other morbidities, or adverse events. Data on long-term respiratory, growth, and developmental outcomes are eagerly awaited.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T10:10:10Z","timestamp":1479895810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Inhaled Corticosteroids for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Shinwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine in the Galil, Bar-Ilan University, Tsfat, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Portnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine in the Galil, Bar-Ilan University, Tsfat, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg J.","family":"Meerpohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9\u2014U1153, Inserm\/Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Cochrane France, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Paris, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Karen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Bassler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 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