{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:01:49Z","timestamp":1753887709987,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Some pregnancies today involve infertile individuals or couples who contract with a fertile woman to carry a pregnancy for them. The woman who carries the pregnancy is referred to as a \u201cgestational carrier.\u201d The use of such arrangements is increasing. Most of the time, these arrangements play out as planned; sometimes, however, problems arise. This article discusses a case in which a fetal diagnosis of spina bifida led the infertile couple to request that the gestational carrier terminate the pregnancy, and the gestational carrier did not wish to do so. Experts in the medical and legal issues surrounding surrogacy discuss the considerations that should go into resolving such a conflict.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T10:10:11Z","timestamp":1484043011000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surrogate Pregnancy After Prenatal Diagnosis of Spina Bifida"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Lynnette J.","family":"Mazur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Kay","family":"Kisthardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City School of Law, Kansas City, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Lantos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921073765000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.03.050","article-title":"Trends and outcomes of gestational surrogacy in the United States.","volume":"106","author":"Perkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2021120921073765000_B2","unstructured":"Spina Bifida Association. What is spina bifida? Available at: www.spinabifidaassociation.org. Accessed August 4, 2016"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921073765000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014379","article-title":"A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele.","volume":"364","author":"Adzick","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921073765000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.09.094","article-title":"Long-term neurofunctional outcome, executive functioning, and behavioral adaptive skills following fetal myelomeningocele surgery","volume":"214","author":"Danzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021120921073765000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei147","article-title":"ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 10: surrogacy.","volume":"20","author":"Shenfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2021120921073765000_B6","first-page":"423","article-title":"In defense of surrogacy agreements: a modern contract law perspective.","volume":"20","author":"Margalit","year":"2014","journal-title":"William Mary J Women Law"},{"key":"2021120921073765000_B7","first-page":"2249","article-title":"It takes a village to make a child: creating guidelines for international surrogacy","volume":"100","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Georgetown Law J"},{"key":"2021120921073765000_B8","unstructured":"Kern\u2008B. You are obligated to terminate this pregnancy immediately: the contractual obligations of a surrogate to abort her pregnancy. Available at: http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2478011. Accessed August 4, 2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120921073765000_B9","first-page":"29","article-title":"Abortion clauses in surrogacy contracts: insights from a case study","volume":"49","author":"Forman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Family Law Quarterly"},{"author":"Carroll","key":"2021120921073765000_B10"},{"issue":"8085","key":"2021120921073765000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92957-4","article-title":"Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo.","volume":"2","author":"Steptoe","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5947","key":"2021120921073765000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/307174a0","article-title":"The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy using in vitro fertilization and embryo donation in a patient with primary ovarian failure.","volume":"307","author":"Lutjen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"2021120921073765000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198511213132112","article-title":"Successful pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer from an infertile woman to a surrogate.","volume":"313","author":"Utian","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120921073765000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.03.050","article-title":"Trends and outcomes of gestational surrogacy in the United States.","volume":"106","author":"Perkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021120921073765000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.02.042","article-title":"Consideration of the gestational carrier: a committee opinion.","volume":"99","author":"Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921073765000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001352","article-title":"ACOG Committee opinion no. 660: family building through gestational surrogacy.","volume":"127","author":"Ryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120921073765000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.03.011","article-title":"Recommendations for practices utilizing gestational carriers: an ASRM Practice Committee guideline.","volume":"97","author":"Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120921073765000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1181","article-title":"Prenatal decision-making for myelomeningocele: Can we minimize bias and variability?","volume":"136","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021120921073765000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6411a1","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology surveillance\u2014United States, 2013.","volume":"64","author":"Sunderam","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2619\/1061398\/peds_20162619.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2619\/1061398\/peds_20162619.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T05:53:44Z","timestamp":1639115624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/139\/2\/e20162619\/60217\/Surrogate-Pregnancy-After-Prenatal-Diagnosis-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2619","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-4005"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-4275"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"article-number":"e20162619"}}