{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T22:11:11Z","timestamp":1792534271924,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chylothorax is defined as the accumulation of chyle within the pleural space. Originally described in 1917 by Pisek, it is the most common cause of pleural effusion in the neonatal period. The leading cause of chylothorax is laceration of the thoracic duct during surgery, which occurs in 0.85% to 6.6% of children undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Few authors of reports in the literature have looked at etilefrine, a relatively unknown sympathomimetic, as an option for the medical treatment of chylothorax. In this case report, we review the clinical course of 2 infants with type III esophageal atresia who developed chylothorax after thoracic surgery and were successfully treated with intravenous etilefrine after failing initial dietary and pharmacological management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,27]],"date-time":"2018-04-27T07:20:15Z","timestamp":1524813615000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Successful Management of Chylothorax With Etilefrine: Case Report in 2 Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Gysella","family":"Muniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hidalgo-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Emergencias Pediatricas, Lima, Per\u00fa; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria del Carmen","family":"Valdivia-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Emergencias Pediatricas, Lima, Per\u00fa; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Academic Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilton Yhuri","family":"Carreazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Emergencias Pediatricas, Lima, Per\u00fa; and"},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021121020512563000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02072505","article-title":"Chylothorax in the neonatal period.","volume":"152","author":"van Straaten","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121020512563000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.104287","article-title":"Etiology and management of pediatric chylothorax.","volume":"136","author":"Beghetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121020512563000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.11.035","article-title":"The impact of chylothorax on neonates with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia.","volume":"48","author":"Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121020512563000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2008.00781.x","article-title":"Etiology and management of chylothorax following pediatric heart surgery.","volume":"24","author":"Milonakis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121020512563000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2011.09.006","article-title":"Management of postoperative chylothorax [published correction appears in J Visc Surg. 2012;149(1):e80].","volume":"148","author":"Chalret du Rieu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121020512563000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.09.068","article-title":"Incidence and treatment of chylothorax after cardiac surgery in children: analysis of a large multi-institution database.","volume":"147","author":"Mery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121020512563000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.06.014","article-title":"Chylothorax in children with congenital heart disease: incidence of thrombosis.","volume":"132","author":"Bauman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"2021121020512563000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.021","article-title":"Post-operative chylothorax in patients with congenital heart disease.","volume":"69","author":"Savla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121020512563000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.06.008","article-title":"Chylothorax: diagnosis and management in children.","volume":"10","author":"Soto-Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121020512563000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsha.2014.01.001","article-title":"Impact of chylothorax on the early post operative outcome after pediatric cardiovascular surgery.","volume":"26","author":"Ismail","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Saudi Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121020512563000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.12.210","article-title":"Octreotide therapy in two children with intractable postoperative chylothorax.","volume":"146","author":"Hung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121020512563000_B12","first-page":"325","article-title":"Chylothorax: a review of current management strategies.","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121020512563000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2072","article-title":"Chylothorax in infants and children.","volume":"133","author":"Tutor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121020512563000_B14","unstructured":"Truven Health Analytics, LLC\n          . Etilefrine: micromedex solutions. Ann Arbor, MI. Available at: http:\/\/www.micromedexsolutions.com\/micromedex2\/librarian\/CS\/D8A373\/ND_PR\/evidencexpert\/ND_P\/evidencexpert\/DUPLICATIONSHIELDSYNC\/DD1B18\/ND_PG\/evidencexpert\/ND_B\/evidencexpert\/ND_AppProduct\/evidencexpert\/ND_T\/evidencexpert\/PFActionId\/evidencexpert.IntermediateToDocumentLink?docId=2061-x&contentSetId=30&title=Etilefrine+Hydrochloride&servicesTitle=Etilefrine+Hydrochloride. Accessed May 3, 2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121020512563000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2050.1999.00021.x","article-title":"Successful management of post-esophagectomy chylothorax\/chyloperitoneum by etilefrine.","volume":"12","author":"Guillem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"49","key":"2021121020512563000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2214","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002214","article-title":"New combined medical treatment with etilefrine and octreotide for chylothorax after esophagectomy: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"94","author":"Ohkura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121020512563000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9293(03)00263-9","article-title":"Etilefrine use in the management of post-operative chyle leaks in thoracic surgery.","volume":"3","author":"Guillem","year":"2004","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2016-3309\/1065120\/peds_20163309.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2016-3309\/1065120\/peds_20163309.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T06:39:58Z","timestamp":1639204798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/141\/5\/e20163309\/37886\/Successful-Management-of-Chylothorax-With"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-3309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"article-number":"e20163309"}}