{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:41:18Z","timestamp":1761896478300,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The surveillance of children\u2019s growth reflects a population\u2019s nutritional status and risk for adverse outcomes. This study aimed to describe trends in length-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and early childhood weight gain among US children aged 6 to 23 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed NHANES data from 1976\u20131980, 1988\u20131994, 1999\u20132002, 2003\u20132006, 2007\u20132010, and 2011\u20132014. We estimated z scores &amp;lt; \u20132 (low) and \u2265+2 (high) in comparison with World Health Organization growth standards for each indicator. Weight gain (relative to sex-age\u2013specific medians) from birth until survey participation was estimated. Trends were assessed by low birth weight status and race\/Hispanic origin. Race\/Hispanic origin trends were assessed from 1988\u20131994 to 2011\u20132014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2011\u20132014, the prevalence of low and high length-for-age was 3.3% (SE, 0.8) and 3.7% (SE, 0.8); weight-for-age was 0.6% (SE, 0.3) and 7.0% (SE, 1.1); and weight-for-length was 1.0% (SE, 0.4) and 7.7% (SE, 1.2). The only significant trend was a decrease in high length-for-age (5.5% in 1976\u20131980 vs 3.7% in 2011\u20132014; P = .04). Relative weight gain between birth and survey participation did not differ over time, although trends differed by race\/Hispanic origin. Non-Hispanic black children gained more weight between birth and survey participation in 2011\u20132014 versus 1988\u20131994, versus no change among other groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1976\u20131980 and 2011\u20132014, there were no significant trends in low or high weight-for-age and weight-for-length among 6- to 23-month-old children whereas the percent with high length-for-age decreased. A significant trend in relative weight gain between birth and survey participation was observed among non-Hispanic black children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T10:10:20Z","timestamp":1487326220000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trends in Anthropometric Measures Among US Children 6 to 23 Months, 1976\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Lara J.","family":"Akinbami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian K.","family":"Kit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"},{"name":"United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret D.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tala H.I.","family":"Fakhouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Ogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9890","key":"2021120907552973400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries.","volume":"382","author":"Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"year":"2012","key":"2021120907552973400_B2"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120907552973400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00851.x","article-title":"Risk factors for failure to thrive in infancy depend on the anthropometric definitions used: the Copenhagen County Child Cohort.","volume":"21","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9609","key":"2021120907552973400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital.","volume":"371","author":"Victora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120907552973400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1776","article-title":"Infant growth and later body composition: evidence from the 4-component model.","volume":"87","author":"Chomtho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120907552973400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.194","article-title":"Infant weight gain and childhood overweight status in a multicenter, cohort study.","volume":"109","author":"Stettler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120907552973400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.3554","article-title":"Prevention of obesity in infancy and early childhood: a National Institutes of Health workshop.","volume":"169","author":"Lumeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2021120907552973400_B8","unstructured":"Rihane\u2008C; US Department of Agriculture. 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