{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:03:32Z","timestamp":1793117012794,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM), especially the otitis-prone condition, during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7 and 13 era.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six hundred and fifteen children were prospectively managed from 6 to 36 months of life during a 10-year time frame (June 2006\u2013June 2016). All clinical diagnoses of AOM were confirmed by tympanocentesis and bacterial culture of middle ear fluid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By 1 year of age, 23% of the children experienced \u22651 episode of AOM; by 3 years of age, 60% had \u22651 episodes of AOM, and 24% had \u22653 episodes. The peak incidence occurred at 6 to 12 months of life. Multivariable analysis of demographic and environmental data revealed a significantly increased risk of AOM associated with male sex, non-Hispanic white race, family history of recurrent AOM, day care attendance, and early occurrence of AOM. Risk factors for stringently defined (tympanocentesis-confirmed) otitis proneness, in which children suffered at least 3 episodes of AOM in a 6-month period or at least 4 within a year, were male sex, day care attendance, and family history of AOM, whereas breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life was protective. Stringently defined otitis prone children were also likely to experience their first AOM episode at a younger age. The proportion of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis causing AOM had dynamic changes during the past decade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conclude that the epidemiology but not the risk factors for AOM have undergone substantial changes since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T05:10:12Z","timestamp":1502082612000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":270,"title":["Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media in the Postpneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Ravinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Pichichero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.83","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study.","volume":"160","author":"Teele","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"2021121018241374100_B2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management of acute otitis media.","author":"Marcy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121018241374100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1086\/647934","article-title":"Widening differences in acute otitis media study populations.","volume":"49","author":"Pichichero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24190","article-title":"Incremental health care utilization and costs for acute otitis media in children.","volume":"124","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018241374100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305550","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media: American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines 2013.","volume":"100","author":"Siddiq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121018241374100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3488","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media.","volume":"131","author":"Lieberthal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000949","article-title":"Otitis-prone children have immunologic deficiencies in naturally acquired nasopharyngeal mucosal antibody response after Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization.","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis179","article-title":"Reduced serum IgG responses to pneumococcal antigens in otitis-prone children may be due to poor memory B-cell generation.","volume":"205","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018241374100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir340","article-title":"Reduced memory CD4+ T-cell generation in the circulation of young children may contribute to the otitis-prone condition.","volume":"204","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018241374100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808319966","article-title":"Pathogens causing recurrent and difficult-to-treat acute otitis media, 2003-2006.","volume":"47","author":"Pichichero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.055","article-title":"Serum antibody response to three non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins during acute otitis media and nasopharyngeal colonization in otitis prone and non-otitis prone children.","volume":"29","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31821c2d8b","article-title":"Serum antibody response to five Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins during acute otitis media in otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children.","volume":"30","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121018241374100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813003178","article-title":"Five-year prospective study of paediatric acute otitis media in Rochester, NY: modelling analysis of the risk of pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx and infection.","volume":"142","author":"Friedel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828d9acc","article-title":"Acute otitis media otopathogens during 2008 to 2010 in Rochester, New York.","volume":"32","author":"Casey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018241374100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181c1bc48","article-title":"New patterns in the otopathogens causing acute otitis media six to eight years after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.","volume":"29","author":"Casey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001206","article-title":"Emerging Streptococcus pneumoniae strains colonizing the nasopharynx in children after 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in comparison to the 7-valent era, 2006-2015.","volume":"35","author":"Kaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1451","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute otitis media.","volume":"113","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018241374100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.114311","article-title":"A prospective observational study of 5-, 7-, and 10-day antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media.","volume":"124","author":"Pichichero","year":"2001","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018241374100_B19","first-page":"CD001095","article-title":"Short-course antibiotics for acute otitis media.","author":"Kozyrskyj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121018241374100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31829e3779","article-title":"Relationship with original pathogen in recurrence of acute otitis media after completion of amoxicillin\/clavulanate: bacterial relapse or new pathogen.","volume":"32","author":"Kaur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121018241374100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05443-11","article-title":"Antibody in middle ear fluid of children originates predominantly from sera and nasopharyngeal secretions.","volume":"19","author":"Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018241374100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153555","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3555","article-title":"Acute otitis media and other complications of viral respiratory infection.","volume":"137","author":"Chonmaitree","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198401000-00006","article-title":"The bacteriology of recurrent otitis media and the effect of sulfisoxazole chemoprophylaxis.","volume":"3","author":"Liston","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121018241374100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.2.165","article-title":"Interleukin 8 in middle ear fluid during acute otitis media: correlation with aetiology and bacterial eradication.","volume":"82","author":"Leibovitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018241374100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81950-X","article-title":"Effect of viral respiratory tract infection on outcome of acute otitis media.","volume":"120","author":"Chonmaitree","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121018241374100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1980.02130220029009","article-title":"Disparate cultures of middle ear fluids. Results from children with bilateral otitis media.","volume":"134","author":"Pelton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181d9e639","article-title":"Simultaneous assay for four bacterial species including Alloiococcus otitidis using multiplex-PCR in children with culture negative acute otitis media.","volume":"29","author":"Kaur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021121018241374100_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16063","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.63","article-title":"Otitis media.","volume":"2","author":"Schilder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018241374100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.02.020","article-title":"Comparison of study designs for acute otitis media trials.","volume":"72","author":"Pichichero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182862b57","article-title":"Reducing the frequency of acute otitis media by individualized care.","volume":"32","author":"Pichichero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121018241374100_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.007","article-title":"Otitis media.","volume":"60","author":"Pichichero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330320024025","article-title":"Middle ear disease and the practice of pediatrics. Burden during the first five years of life.","volume":"249","author":"Teele","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3 pt 2","key":"2021121018241374100_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894800890S304","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media in children.","volume":"89","author":"Teele","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018241374100_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2881","article-title":"Incidence of acute otitis media and sinusitis complicating upper respiratory tract infection: the effect of age.","volume":"119","author":"Revai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018241374100_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.1079","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media.","volume":"22","author":"Uhari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018241374100_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.05.014","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute otitis media in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"75","author":"Bardach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86397","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086397","article-title":"Risk factors for chronic and recurrent otitis media-a meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.06.911","article-title":"Influence of race and ethnicity on access to care among children with frequent ear infections.","volume":"143","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20961","article-title":"Demographic disparities among children with frequent ear infections in the United States.","volume":"120","author":"Vakharia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018241374100_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2010.483476","article-title":"Factors associated with acute respiratory illness in day care children.","volume":"42","author":"Hatakka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021121018241374100_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu232","article-title":"Sex differences in pediatric infectious diseases.","volume":"209","author":"Muenchhoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"42","key":"2021121018241374100_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1860","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001860","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of functional candidate genes and recurrent acute otitis media with or without tympanic membrane perforation.","volume":"94","author":"Esposito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000229","article-title":"Polymorphisms in IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3 and TGF-\u03b21 genes and susceptibility to acute otitis media in early infancy.","volume":"33","author":"Ilia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021121018241374100_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812460984","article-title":"Panel 1: epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors.","volume":"148","author":"Hoffman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121018241374100_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048215","article-title":"Genome-wide association study to identify the genetic determinants of otitis media susceptibility in childhood.","volume":"7","author":"Rye","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021121018241374100_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12792","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12792","article-title":"Genome-wide association study for acute otitis media in children identifies FNDC1 as disease contributing gene.","volume":"7","author":"van Ingen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2021121018241374100_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-10-85","article-title":"Otitis media: a genome-wide linkage scan with evidence of susceptibility loci within the 17q12 and 10q22.3 regions.","volume":"10","author":"Casselbrant","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018241374100_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2004.01.012","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in the diagnosis of otitis media in infancy.","volume":"68","author":"Vernacchio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2021121018241374100_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.12.002","article-title":"Use of symptoms and risk factors to predict acute otitis media in infants.","volume":"81","author":"McCormick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121018241374100_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.09.006","article-title":"Epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors: panel report from the Ninth International Research Conference on Otitis Media.","volume":"74","author":"Daly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01198.x","article-title":"Allergy in day care children: prevalence and environmental risk factors.","volume":"98","author":"Hatakka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018241374100_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.01.031","article-title":"Risk factors for otitis media with effusion: case-control study in Sicilian schoolchildren.","volume":"75","author":"Martines","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01506.x","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal parental smoking and acute otitis media in early childhood.","volume":"99","author":"H\u00e5berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121018241374100_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01801.x","article-title":"The effect of passive smoking on the risk of otitis media in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in the Kalgoorlie-Boulder region of Western Australia.","volume":"188","author":"Jacoby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.05.010","article-title":"Passive smoking after tympanostomy and risk of recurrent acute otitis media.","volume":"71","author":"Hammar\u00e9n-Malmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121018241374100_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489950180199","article-title":"Cow\u2019s milk allergy is associated with recurrent otitis media during childhood.","volume":"119","author":"Juntti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121018241374100_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01130.x","article-title":"The link between otitis media with effusion and allergy: a potential role for intranasal corticosteroids.","volume":"22","author":"Lack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018241374100_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a3427","article-title":"The effect of breastfeeding and its duration on acute otitis media in children in Brno, Czech Republic.","volume":"15","author":"Vogazianos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018241374100_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-016-0647-0","article-title":"The role of breastfeeding in childhood otitis media.","volume":"16","author":"Lodge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018241374100_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b4f8a6","article-title":"Breast-feeding is associated with a reduced frequency of acute otitis media and high serum antibody levels against NTHi and outer membrane protein vaccine antigen candidate P6.","volume":"66","author":"Sabirov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121018241374100_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.7.437","article-title":"Otitis media incidence and risk factors in a population-based birth cohort.","volume":"15","author":"Macintyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121018241374100_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310100754","article-title":"The microbiologic and immunologic basis for recurrent otitis media in children.","volume":"160","author":"Faden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121018241374100_B63","first-page":"103","article-title":"Middle ear pathogens in otitis-prone children.","volume":"56","author":"Weiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"S D J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018241374100_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135772","article-title":"Micro-ecology of the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children.","volume":"113","author":"Bernstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121018241374100_B65","first-page":"85","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment of otitis media.","volume":"6","author":"Giebink","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2021121018241374100_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(87)90025-5","article-title":"Middle ear fluid bacteriology of acute otitis media in neonates and very young infants.","volume":"14","author":"Karma","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121018241374100_B67","first-page":"94","article-title":"Acute otitis media and respiratory virus infections.","volume":"8","author":"Ruuskanen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018241374100_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814533592","article-title":"Payment analysis of two diagnosis and management approaches of acute otitis media.","volume":"53","author":"Casey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2017-0181\/1104302\/peds_20170181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2017-0181\/1104302\/peds_20170181.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T21:06:42Z","timestamp":1719349602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/140\/3\/e20170181\/38388\/Epidemiology-of-Acute-Otitis-Media-in-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2017-0181","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"article-number":"e20170181"}}