{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:55:27Z","timestamp":1789977327624,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>National guidelines recommend blood cultures for children hospitalized with presumed bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that is moderate or severe. We sought to determine the prevalence of bacteremia and characterize the microbiology and penicillin-susceptibility patterns of positive blood culture results among children hospitalized with CAP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of children hospitalized with CAP in 6 children\u2019s hospitals from 2007 to 2011. We included children 3 months to 18 years of age with discharge diagnosis codes for CAP using a previously validated algorithm. We excluded children with complex chronic conditions. We reviewed microbiologic data and classified positive blood culture detections as pathogens or contaminants. Antibiotic-susceptibility patterns were assessed for all pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 7509 children hospitalized with CAP were included over the 5-year study period. Overall, 34% of the children hospitalized with CAP had a blood culture performed; 65 (2.5% of patients with blood cultures; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0%\u20133.2%) grew a pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 78% of all detected pathogens. Among detected pathogens, 50 (82%) were susceptible to penicillin. Eleven children demonstrated growth of an organism nonsusceptible to penicillin, representing 0.43% (95% CI: 0.23%\u20130.77%) of children with blood cultures obtained and 0.15% (95% CI: 0.08%\u20130.26%) of all children hospitalized with CAP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among children without comorbidities hospitalized with CAP in a non-ICU setting, the rate of bacteremia was low, and isolated pathogens were usually susceptible to penicillin. Blood cultures may not be needed for most children hospitalized with CAP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T09:10:15Z","timestamp":1503479415000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Utility of Blood Culture Among Children Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Mark I.","family":"Neuman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan C.","family":"Lipsett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam L.","family":"Hersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital at Vanderbilt, and"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas V.","family":"Brogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne J.","family":"Blaschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilliam","family":"Ambroggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2021121018243791500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir531","article-title":"The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the pediatric infectious diseases society and the infectious diseases society of America.","volume":"53","author":"Bradley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018243791500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.05.025","article-title":"Do emergency department blood cultures change practice in patients with pneumonia?","volume":"46","author":"Kennedy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018243791500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.4.1142","article-title":"The contribution of blood cultures to the clinical management of adult patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective observational study.","volume":"123","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018243791500_B4","first-page":"446","article-title":"Limited usefulness of initial blood cultures in community acquired pneumonia.","volume":"21","author":"Corbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018243791500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31820a5adb","article-title":"Blood cultures in the emergency department evaluation of childhood pneumonia.","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2021121018243791500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4137\/CMPed.S8051","article-title":"Utility of blood culture in uncomplicated pneumonia in children.","volume":"7","author":"Mendoza-Paredes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018243791500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405870","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children.","volume":"372","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121018243791500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.4.389","article-title":"Risk of bacteremia in young children with pneumonia treated as outpatients.","volume":"157","author":"Shah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121018243791500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318290bf63","article-title":"Prevalence of bacteremia in hospitalized pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia.","volume":"32","author":"Myers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018243791500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2014-0138","article-title":"Blood culture in evaluation of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"5","author":"Iroh Tam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018243791500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu013","article-title":"Impact of Infectious Diseases Society of America\/Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society guidelines on treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children.","volume":"58","author":"Ross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121018243791500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903418522","article-title":"Determinants of outcome in patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia: importance of early adequate treatment.","volume":"42","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018243791500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.11","article-title":"Delayed administration of antibiotics and atypical presentation in community-acquired pneumonia.","volume":"130","author":"Waterer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021121018243791500_B14","first-page":"281","article-title":"Federating clinical data from six pediatric hospitals: process and initial results for microbiology from the PHIS+ consortium.","volume":"2012","author":"Gouripeddi","year":"2012","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121018243791500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.186","article-title":"Identifying pediatric community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations: accuracy of administrative billing codes.","volume":"167","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018243791500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161692","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1692","article-title":"Intravenous versus oral antibiotics for postdischarge treatment of complicated pneumonia.","volume":"138","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121018243791500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.e99","article-title":"Deaths attributed to pediatric complex chronic conditions: national trends and implications for supportive care services.","volume":"107","author":"Feudtner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121018243791500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0331","article-title":"Readmissions among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.","volume":"134","author":"Neuman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121018243791500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2012-0050","article-title":"The prevalence of bacteremia in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia: guidelines to reduce the frequency of obtaining blood cultures.","volume":"3","author":"Heine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121018243791500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2437-2444.2002","article-title":"Minimizing the workup of blood culture contaminants: implementation and evaluation of a laboratory-based algorithm.","volume":"40","author":"Richter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121018243791500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460030071031","article-title":"Contaminant blood cultures and resource utilization. The true consequences of false-positive results.","volume":"265","author":"Bates","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121018243791500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2534","article-title":"Aggregate and hospital-level impact of national guidelines on diagnostic resource utilization for children with pneumonia at children\u2019s hospitals.","volume":"11","author":"Parikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2017-1013\/1104504\/peds_20171013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2017-1013\/1104504\/peds_20171013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T05:24:43Z","timestamp":1639200283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/140\/3\/e20171013\/38399\/Utility-of-Blood-Culture-Among-Children"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2017-1013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"article-number":"e20171013"}}