{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:29:44Z","timestamp":1792643384457,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has been shown that maternal prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be a risk factor for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Our goal was to examine whether paternal SSRI use before conception increases the risk of ADHD in offspring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On the basis of Danish national registers, we conducted a cohort study of 781\u2009470 singletons born between 1996 and 2008 with follow-up throughout 2013. The children whose fathers used SSRIs during the last 3 months before conception were identified as the exposed. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 7216 children (0.92%) were born to fathers who had used SSRIs during the last 3 months before conception. There were 12\u2009520 children diagnosed with ADHD. Compared with unexposed children, the exposed had a 26% increased risk of ADHD (HR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06\u20131.51) after adjusting for potential confounders. When extending the exposure window to 1 year before conception, paternal use of SSRIs only during the period of 12 to 3 months before conception was associated with the HR of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.10\u20131.66), whereas paternal use of SSRIs only during the last 3 months before conception was associated with a similarly increased risk of ADHD (adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.95\u20131.82).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mildly increased risk of ADHD in offspring associated with paternal SSRI use before conception could probably be due to the underlying indications related to SSRI use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,11]],"date-time":"2017-12-11T08:31:34Z","timestamp":1512981094000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prenatal Paternal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Use and Risk of ADHD in Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Fen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR), Institute of Reproductive Development (IRD), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR), Institute of Reproductive Development (IRD), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR), Institute of Reproductive Development (IRD), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maohua","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR), Institute of Reproductive Development (IRD), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of National Population and Family Planning Commission (NPFPC), Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR), Institute of Reproductive Development (IRD), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121014090820300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition (Text Revision)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121014090820300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","article-title":"Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents.","volume":"56","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121014090820300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-99","article-title":"A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment.","volume":"10","author":"Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121014090820300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200002000-00018","article-title":"National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement: diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","volume":"39","author":"Ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10024","key":"2021121014090820300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00238-X","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","volume":"387","author":"Thapar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121014090820300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1028","article-title":"Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: review of the current evidence.","volume":"160","author":"Linnet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121014090820300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x","article-title":"What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?","volume":"54","author":"Thapar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121014090820300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.14.050193.001111","article-title":"Male-mediated developmental toxicity.","volume":"14","author":"Olshan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121014090820300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(96)00123-7","article-title":"Review of experimental male-mediated behavioral and neurochemical disorders.","volume":"18","author":"Nelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121014090820300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00286-9","article-title":"Paternal exposures: impact on reproductive and developmental outcome. 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