{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:54:00Z","timestamp":1794264840056,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although very preterm (VP), extremely preterm (EP), very low birth weight (VLBW), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) newborns seem to have a higher risk of later attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the magnitude of the risk is not well-defined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To systematically review and meta-analyze the risk of VP\/VLBW and EP\/ELBW individuals to develop a ADHD categorical diagnosis or dimensional symptomatology compared with controls with normal weight and\/or birth age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We selected cross-sectional, prospective, or retrospective studies with no time or language restriction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Independent reviewers screened and extracted data using predefined standard procedures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 12 studies (N = 1787), researchers relying on a categorical diagnosis showed that both VP\/VLBW and EP\/ELBW subjects have a higher ADHD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04 higher than controls; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.19 to 4.21). In subgroup analyses, we demonstrated that the more extreme the cases, the higher the ORs (VP\/VLBW: OR = 2.25 [95% CI 1.56 to 3.26]; EP\/ELBW: OR = 4.05 [95% CI 2.38 to 6.87]). We drew data from 29 studies (N = 3504) on ADHD symptomatology and found significant associations with inattention (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.31, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.96), hyperactivity and impulsivity (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.13), and combined symptoms (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.68) when compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heterogeneity was significantly high for all analyses involving the 3 ADHD dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With our results, we provide evidence that VP\/VLBW subjects have an increased risk of ADHD diagnosis and symptomatology compared with controls, and these findings are even stronger in the EP\/ELBW group. Future researchers should address which risk factors related to prematurity or low birth weight lead to ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T08:30:17Z","timestamp":1513585817000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":278,"title":["Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder and Very Preterm\/Very Low Birth Weight: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Adelar Pedro","family":"Franz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gul Unsel","family":"Bolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilmi","family":"Bolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Matijasevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e1 Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita C.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Section, Department of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato 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