{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T09:29:11Z","timestamp":1789896551439,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n Investigate the association between severe neonatal morbidity (SNM) and child development and school performance among term infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n The study population included term infants without major congenital conditions born between 2000 and 2007 in New South Wales, Australia, with a linked record of developmental assessment at ages 4 to 6 years in 2009 or 2012 (n = 144\u2009535) or school performance at ages 7 to 9 years from 2009 to 2014 (n = 253\u2009447). Developmental outcomes included special needs or being vulnerable and\/or at risk in 1 of 5 developmental domains. School performance outcomes were test exemption, or performing &lt;\u22121 SD on reading or numeracy tests. Binary generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between SNM and outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic, perinatal, and assessment and\/or test characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n Overall, 2.1% of infants experienced SNM. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for SNM and physical health was 1.18 (1.08\u20131.29), 1.14 (1.02\u20131.26) for language and cognitive skills, and 1.14 (1.06\u20131.24) and 1.13 (1.05\u20131.21) for scoring &lt;\u22121 SD in reading and numeracy, respectively. SNM was most strongly associated with special needs 1.34 (1.15\u20131.55) and test exemption 1.50 (1.25\u20131.81). SNM infants born at 37 to 38 weeks\u2019 gestation and who were small for gestational age had the greatest likelihood of poorer outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n Term infants with SNM have greater odds of poor neurodevelopment in childhood. These findings provide population-based information for families and can inform clinical counseling and guidelines for follow-up and early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1515054673000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Neonatal Morbidity at Term, Early Child Development, and School Performance: A Population Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Bentley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Schneuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Lain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Neonatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;"},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2021120915592559500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00005-8","article-title":"Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity?","volume":"27","author":"Andersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120915592559500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1143","article-title":"Early childhood neurodevelopment after intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review.","volume":"135","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021120915592559500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2175","article-title":"Prognostic factors for poor cognitive development in children born very preterm or with very low birth weight: a systematic review.","volume":"169","author":"Linsell","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120915592559500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12320","article-title":"Long-term cognitive and school outcomes of late-preterm and early-term births: a systematic review.","volume":"42","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021120915592559500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12391","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome of full-term small-for-gestational-age infants with normal placental function.","volume":"42","author":"Savchev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120915592559500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.11112","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental delay in small babies at term: a systematic review.","volume":"40","author":"Arcangeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120915592559500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.09.013","article-title":"Variations in mortality and morbidity by gestational age among infants born at term.","volume":"154","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120915592559500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.03.021","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes in early term birth.","volume":"211","author":"Parikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120915592559500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.009","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in late preterm and early term newborns: a continuum.","volume":"38","author":"Engle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"9814","key":"2021120915592559500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61577-8","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review.","volume":"379","author":"Mwaniki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021120915592559500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.04.051","article-title":"Risk factors and costs of hospital admissions in first year of life: a population-based study.","volume":"163","author":"Lain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120915592559500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12188","article-title":"Hospitalisations from 1 to 6 years of age: effects of gestational age and severe neonatal morbidity.","volume":"29","author":"Stephens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021120915592559500_B13","unstructured":"Australian Early Development Census\n . 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