{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T18:34:12Z","timestamp":1792434852181,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To identify patterns of childhood adversity in a sample of adolescents and assess disparities in these experiences for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and by level of gender nonconformity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHOD<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By using the cross-sectional, statewide, anonymous 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, 81\u2009885 students were included in the current study (50.59% male; mean age = 15.51). Participants were enrolled in grades 9 and 11 in a total of 348 schools.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four patterns of childhood adversity were identified with sex-stratified latent class analyses (entropy = 0.833 males; 0.833 females), ranging from relatively low levels of abuse (85.3% males; 80.1% females) to polyvictimization (0.84% males; 1.98% females). A regression analysis showed that compared with heterosexual adolescents, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by polyvictimization (odds ratio [OR] 1.81\u20137.53) and psychological and\/or physical abuse (OR 1.29\u20133.12), than no or low adversity. Similarly, compared with nontransgender adolescents, transgender adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by patterns of polyvictimization (OR 1.49\u20132.91) and psychological and\/or physical abuse (OR 1.23\u20131.96). A higher level of gender nonconformity predicted a higher likelihood of being classified into each adversity profile compared with the no or low adversity profile (OR 1.14\u20131.45).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual minority adolescents and adolescents with high levels of gender nonconformity are vulnerable to experience adversity. The disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and adolescents with high gender nonconformity highlight the variation in patterns of childhood adversity that these youth are at risk of experiencing. The findings reveal the need for further research on the benefits and harm of screening for childhood adversity by physicians and pediatricians.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T07:30:12Z","timestamp":1523863812000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Baams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121015034196600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093153","article-title":"Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth.","volume":"12","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121015034196600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12194","article-title":"Gender, sexuality, and gender nonconformity: understanding variation in functioning.","volume":"10","author":"Martin-Storey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Dev Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121015034196600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","article-title":"Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.","volume":"129","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121015034196600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.190009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals.","volume":"101","author":"Friedman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121015034196600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9319-3","article-title":"Gay-related development, early abuse and adult health outcomes among gay males.","volume":"12","author":"Friedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121015034196600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3524","article-title":"Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults.","volume":"123","author":"Ryan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121015034196600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007003010","article-title":"Mental health problems among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths ages 14 to 21.","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019Augelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121015034196600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014284","article-title":"Disclosure of sexual orientation and subsequent substance use and abuse among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: critical role of disclosure reactions.","volume":"23","author":"Rosario","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121015034196600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1804","article-title":"Childhood gender nonconformity: a risk indicator for childhood abuse and posttraumatic stress in youth.","volume":"129","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121015034196600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.07.002","article-title":"Development and mental health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender youth in pediatric practice.","volume":"63","author":"Adelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121015034196600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2087","article-title":"Clinical report\u2014the pediatrician\u2019s role in child maltreatment prevention.","volume":"126","author":"Flaherty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121015034196600_B12","unstructured":"Family Violence Prevention Fund. 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