{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:30:52Z","timestamp":1790807452524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our aim was to determine and compare the incidences of sensory impairments among very preterm (VP) (&amp;lt;32 + 0\/7 weeks), moderately preterm (MP) (32 + 0\/7\u201333 + 6\/7 weeks), late preterm (LP) (34 + 0\/7\u201336 + 6\/7 weeks), and term infants (\u226537 weeks) and to establish risk factors of neurosensory disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This national register study included all live-born infants in Finland between 1991 and 2008. Infants who died before the age of 1 year, who had any major congenital anomaly, or had missing data were excluded (n = 21\u2009007; 2.0%). A total of 1\u2009018\u2009256 infants were analyzed. Incidences of hearing loss, visual disturbances or blindness, other ophthalmologic disorders, and retinopathy of prematurity were determined for gestational age (GA) groups. Risk factors of hearing loss and visual disturbances or blindness were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidences of sensory impairments decreased with advancing GA at birth (P &amp;lt; .001). The most prominent factors associated with increased risks of hearing loss and visual impairment were intracranial hemorrhage and convulsions. VP (odds ratio [OR] 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75\u20133.14) and LP (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.04\u20131.52) births were associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, and VP (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.55\u20132.44), MP (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.11\u20131.80), and LP (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.16\u20131.49) births predicted an increased risk of visual impairment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incidences of sensory impairment decreased with increasing GA at birth. The most prominent risk factors predictive of sensory disabilities were intracranial hemorrhage and convulsions. VP and LP births were associated with an increased risk of hearing loss, and VP, MP, and LP births were associated with an increased risk of visual impairment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,17]],"date-time":"2018-07-17T07:24:42Z","timestamp":1531812282000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Visual and Hearing Impairments After Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Mikko","family":"Hirvonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland;"},{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Ojala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research and"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research and"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Haataja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research and"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research and"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;"},{"name":"Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and"},{"name":"Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiina","family":"Luukkaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland;"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Tammela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere Center for Child Health Research and"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121018483980600_B1","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n          . 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