{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:15:06Z","timestamp":1787022906052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interferon-\u03b3 release assays (IGRAs) are important adjunctive tests for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) disease in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed California TB registry data for patients \u226418 years with laboratory-confirmed TB disease during 2010\u20132015 to identify case characteristics associated with test selection and performance and measure IGRA sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 778 cases of TB were reported; 360 were laboratory confirmed. Indeterminate IGRAs were associated with being &amp;lt;1 year old (prevalence rate ratio 9.23; 95% confidence interval 2.87 to 29.8) and having central nervous system disease (prevalence rate ratio 2.69; 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 6.86) on multivariable analysis. Ninety-five children had both an IGRA and tuberculin skin test (TST) performed. Among those, the sensitivity of IGRA in 5- to 18-year-olds was 96% (66 out of 69) vs 83% (57 out of 69) for TST (P = .01); IGRA sensitivity compared with TST in children ages 2 to 4 was 91% (10 out of 11) vs 91% (10 out of 11) (P &amp;gt; .99), and the sensitivity compared with TST in children aged &amp;lt;2 years was 80% (12 out of 15) vs 87% (13 out of 15) (P &amp;gt; .99).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the largest North American analysis of IGRA use and performance among children with TB disease. In children &amp;lt;5 years old, IGRA sensitivity is similar to TST, but sensitivity of both tests are reduced in children &amp;lt;2 years old. Indeterminate results are higher in children &amp;lt;1 year old and in central nervous system disease. In children \u22655 years old with laboratory-confirmed TB, IGRA has greater sensitivity than TST and should be considered the preferred immunodiagnostic test..<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T03:35:47Z","timestamp":1525404947000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Interferon-\u03b3 Release Assay Performance for Tuberculosis in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Alexander W.","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamim M.","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New 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