{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:41:10Z","timestamp":1791819670417,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations conducted in the neonatal intensive care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To combine randomized trials of pain-relieving interventions for retinopathy of prematurity examinations using network meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and network meta-analysis of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. All databases were searched from inception to February 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abstract and title screen and full-text screening were conducted independently by 2 reviewers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were extracted by 2 reviewers and pooled with random effect models if the number of trials within a comparison was sufficient. The primary outcome was pain during the examination period; secondary outcomes were pain after the examination, physiologic response, and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine studies (N = 1487) were included. Topical anesthetic (TA) combined with sweet taste and an adjunct intervention (eg, nonnutritive sucking) had the highest probability of being the optimal treatment (mean difference [95% credible interval] versus TA alone = \u22123.67 [\u22125.86 to \u22121.47]; surface under the cumulative ranking curve = 0.86). Secondary outcomes were sparsely reported (2\u20134 studies, N = 90\u2013248) but supported sweet-tasting solutions with or without adjunct interventions as optimal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limitations included moderate heterogeneity in pain assessment reactivity phase and severe heterogeneity in the regulation phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multisensory interventions including sweet taste is likely the optimal treatment for reducing pain resulting from eye examinations in preterm infants. No interventions were effective in absolute terms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T03:35:17Z","timestamp":1527824117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Pain-Relieving Interventions for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"Disher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornerstone Research Group Inc, Burlington, Ontario; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souvik","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelcey","family":"Cathcart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Campbell-Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia;"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia"},{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021121015165864000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/21.2.101","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: an update on screening and management.","volume":"21","author":"Jefferies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121015165864000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000267","article-title":"What is best practice for providing pain relief during retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations?","volume":"16","author":"Francis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121015165864000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.757","article-title":"Epidemiology of painful procedures performed in neonates: a systematic review of observational studies.","volume":"20","author":"Cruz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121015165864000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22267","article-title":"Procedural pain and brain development in premature newborns.","volume":"71","author":"Brummelte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121015165864000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000114","article-title":"Neonatal pain and developmental outcomes in children born preterm: a systematic review.","volume":"31","author":"Valeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121015165864000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0b013e3181a68b48","article-title":"Pain management during retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations: a systematic review.","volume":"9","author":"Samra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121015165864000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01612.x","article-title":"Pain management during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants: a systematic review.","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021121015165864000_B8","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation\n          . 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