{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:11:15Z","timestamp":1788945075433,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>This Policy Statement was reaffirmed July 2025.<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>School systems are responsible for ensuring that children with special needs are safely transported on all forms of federally approved transportation provided by the school system. A plan to provide the most current and proper support to children with special transportation needs should be developed by the Individualized Education Program team, including the parent, school transportation director, and school nurse, in conjunction with physician orders and recommendations. With this statement, we provide current guidance for the protection of child passengers with specific health care needs. Guidance that applies to general school transportation should be followed, inclusive of staff training, provision of nurses or aides if needed, and establishment of a written emergency evacuation plan as well as a comprehensive infection control program. Researchers provide the basis for recommendations concerning occupant securement for children in wheelchairs and children with other special needs who are transported on a school bus. Pediatricians can help their patients by being aware of guidance for restraint systems for children with special needs and by remaining informed of new resources. Pediatricians can also play an important role at the state and local level in the development of school bus specifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T03:35:12Z","timestamp":1525059312000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["School Bus Transportation of Children With Special Health Care Needs"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyran P.","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Ebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hirsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Melzer-Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Schaechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Zonfrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082909364969000_B1","unstructured":"National Center for Educational Statistics; Institute of Educational Sciences; US Department of Education\n          . Children and youth with disabilities. 2017. Available at: https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/programs\/coe\/indicator_cgg.asp. Accessed March 28, 2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082909364969000_B2","first-page":"259","article-title":"School bus transportation for students seated in wheelchairs.","volume":"4","author":"Buning","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082909364969000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1278","article-title":"School transportation safety.","volume":"120","author":"Agran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B4"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B5","unstructured":"US Department of Justice\n          . Americans With Disabilities Act Title II Regulations: nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in state and local government services. 2010. Available at: https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/regs2010\/titleII_2010\/titleII_2010_regulations.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2018"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B6","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services; Administration for Children and Families Office of Head Start. Head Start Act, 42 USC \u00a79801 et. seq (2017). Available at: https:\/\/eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov\/hslc\/standards\/law\/HS_Act_2007.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B7","unstructured":"Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Proper Use of Child Safety Restraint Systems on School Buses. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Available at: www.nhtsa.gov\/people\/injury\/buses\/busseatbelt\/index.html. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B8","unstructured":"Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 222. School Bus Passenger Seating and Crash Protection. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Vehicle Carrier Safety Administration; 1977. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6\/pdf\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6-sec571-222.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B9","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 209; Seat Belt Assemblies. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6\/pdf\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6-sec571-209.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B10","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 403; Platform lift systems for motor vehicles. Available at: https:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2012\/04\/05\/2012-8138\/federal-motor-vehicle-safety-standards-platform-lifts-for-motor-vehicles-platform-lift-installations. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B11","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 404; Platform lift installation for motor vehicles. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/granule\/CFR-2011-title49-vol6\/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-404. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B12","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 213; Child restraint systems. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6\/pdf\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B13","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 225; Child Restraint Systems; Child Restraint Anchorage Systems. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6\/pdf\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6-sec571-225.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B14","volume-title":"National School Transportation Specifications and Procedures: Adopted by the Fifteenth National Congress on School Transportation","author":"University of Central Missouri","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B15","unstructured":"University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute\n          . Ride safe brochure. Available at: http:\/\/wc-transportation-safety.umtri.umich.edu\/ridesafe-brochure. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B16","volume-title":"Section 18: Wheelchair Tiedown and Occupant Restraint Systems for Use in Motor Vehicles","author":"Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America","year":"2013"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B17","volume-title":"Wheelchairs Used as Seats in Motor Vehicles","author":"Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B18","volume-title":"Section 20: Seating Systems Used in Motor Vehicles","author":"Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082909364969000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0213","article-title":"Child passenger safety.","volume":"127","author":"Durbin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B20","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6\/pdf\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6-sec571-208.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B21","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Standard No. 210; Seat belt assembly anchorages. Available at: https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6\/pdf\/CFR-2016-title49-vol6-sec571-210.pdf. Accessed December 8, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B22","unstructured":"US Department of Education\n          . Family Policy Compliance Office. Available at: https:\/\/www.ed.gov\/category\/keyword\/family-policy-compliance-office-fpco. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B23","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Red Book: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2015","edition":"30th ed."},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B24","unstructured":"US Department of Transportation; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Child Passenger Safety Restraint Systems on School Buses National Training Participant Manual. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2007. Available at: http:\/\/cpsboard.org\/cps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Participant-Manual-with-Covers.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2017"},{"key":"2025082909364969000_B25","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics; American Public Health Administration; National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Childcare and Early Education. Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards; Guidelines for Early Care and Education Programs. 3rd ed.Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2011. Available at: http:\/\/cfoc.nrckids.org\/WebFiles\/CFOC3_updated_final.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2017"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2018-0513\/1065622\/peds_20180513.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2018-0513\/1065622\/peds_20180513.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T13:36:57Z","timestamp":1756474617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/141\/5\/e20180513\/37887\/School-Bus-Transportation-of-Children-With-Special"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-0513","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"article-number":"e20180513"}}