{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:39:06Z","timestamp":1791895146207,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a recent Danish study, researchers found an increased risk of childhood epilepsy after phototherapy but only in boys. We investigated this association in a Kaiser Permanente Northern California cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 499\u2009642 infants born at \u226535 weeks\u2019 gestation in 1995\u20132011 followed for \u226560 days, we excluded 1773 that exceeded exchange transfusion thresholds and 1237 with seizure diagnoses at &amp;lt;60 days. We ascertained phototherapy, covariates, and outcomes from electronic records and existing databases. Our primary outcome was \u22651 encounter with a seizure diagnosis plus \u22651 prescription for an antiepileptic drug. We used Cox and Poisson models to adjust for bilirubin levels and other confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 37\u2009683 (7.6%) infants received any phototherapy. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 8.1 (5.2) years. The crude incidence rate per 1000 person-years of the primary outcome was 1.24 among phototherapy-exposed children and 0.76 among those unexposed (rate ratio: 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44 to 1.85). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.42; P = .009). Boys were at higher risk of seizures overall (aHR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.27) and had a higher aHR for phototherapy (1.33; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.61) than girls (1.07; 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.37), although effect modification by sex was not statistically significant (P = .17). The adjusted 10-year excess risks per 1000 were 2.4 (95% CI: 0.6 to 4.1) overall, 3.7 (95% CI: 1.2 to 6.1) in boys, and 0.8 (95% CI: \u22121.7 to 3.2) in girls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phototherapy in newborns is associated with a small increased risk of childhood seizures, even after adjusting for bilirubin values, and the risk is more significant in boys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T03:25:13Z","timestamp":1537759513000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Childhood Seizures After Phototherapy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, 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NCNC hyperbilirubinemia treatment guideline. 2018. Available at: www.phototherapyguidelines.com. 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