{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:17:44Z","timestamp":1792646264239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine whether children conceived using assisted reproductive technology (ART) have a higher risk of intellectual disability (ID) compared with non\u2013ART-conceived children and describe known causes of ID in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We linked ID and ART data from population-based registers in Western Australia. Our cohort included live births from 1994 to 2002 (n = 210\u2009627) with at least 8 years of follow-up. The prevalence of ID was compared between ART- and non\u2013ART-conceived children, and risk of ID was estimated using Poisson regression with robust SEs. We also stratified by plurality and gestation at delivery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children conceived using ART had a small increased risk of ID (risk ratio 1.58; 95% confidence interval 1.19\u20132.11) even when analyses were restricted to singleton births (risk ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.10\u20132.21). The risk of ID was more than doubled for those born very preterm, for severe ID, and after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments. Children conceived using ICSI had a greater risk of ID than those conceived using in vitro fertilization and were more likely to have a known genetic cause for ID (27.6% vs 12.9% in vitro fertilization and 11.9% non-ART).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risk of ID was increased in children born after ART in Western Australia from 1994 to 2002. More recent cohorts should be examined to assess the impact of important changes in ART clinical practice. Our results are particularly pertinent because multiple embryo transfers are routinely performed in many countries, increasing the risk of preterm birth, and ICSI use rates are high.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T08:25:32Z","timestamp":1542270332000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Intellectual Disability in Children Conceived Using Assisted Reproductive Technology"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn R.","family":"Greenop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Baynam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute and"},{"name":"Divisions of Paediatrics and"},{"name":"Genetic Services of Western Australia and"},{"name":"Western Australia Register of Developmental Anomalies,"},{"name":"King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia; and"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia;"},{"name":"Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021121015170661800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460500075035","article-title":"IDEA (Intellectual Disability Exploring Answers): a population-based database for intellectual disability in Western Australia.","volume":"32","author":"Petterson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"21","key":"2021121015170661800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3737","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003737","article-title":"Population-based prevalence of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders in Western Australia: a comparison with previous estimates.","volume":"95","author":"Bourke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121015170661800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2003.00469.x","article-title":"Prevalence of intellectual disability in Western Australia.","volume":"17","author":"Leonard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021121015170661800_B4","volume-title":"Assisted Reproductive Technology in Australia and New Zealand 2014","author":"Harris","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021121015170661800_B5","volume-title":"Assisted Reproductive Technology in Australia and New Zealand 2015","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021121015170661800_B6","volume-title":"Australia\u2019s Mothers and Babies 2015 - In Brief. 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