{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T03:19:45Z","timestamp":1770347985111,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; palivizumab) is recommend for prophylaxis of high-risk infants during bronchiolitis seasons but not for RSV bronchiolitis treatment. Our aim was to determine if palivizumab would be helpful in young infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eligible infants \u22643 months old presenting to the pediatric emergency service with RSV-positive bronchiolitis requiring inpatient admission underwent double-blind random assignment to single-dose intravenous palivizumab (15 mg\/kg) or placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was the need for inpatient readmission in the 3 weeks after discharge. Secondary outcomes were time to readiness for hospital discharge, need for PICU on the initial admission, and need for revisit not requiring readmission for the same illness during 3-week follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 420 infants (median age 49 days) diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis were randomly assigned; 417 received treatment, and 413 completed follow-up. Readmission during follow-up was needed for 23 (11%) patients on palivizumab and 19 (9.3%) patients in the placebo group (difference 1.8%; 95% confidence interval \u22124.4% to 7.7%; P = .51). Geometric mean time to readiness for discharge was 29.5 hours for the palivizumab group and 30.2 hours for the placebo group (ratio 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.20). No safety issues were reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intravenous palivizumab did not appear to help or harm young infants with acute RSV-positive bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T13:29:55Z","timestamp":1550064595000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of RSV Bronchiolitis in Young Infants: A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;"},{"name":"Emergency Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar;"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatihi Hassan","family":"Toaimah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daher Helmi","family":"Almatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lamiaa Awny","family":"El Tatawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Providence Health System, Renton, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ibrahim Mohammad","family":"Qusad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021121013200492900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413456","article-title":"Viral bronchiolitis in children.","volume":"374","author":"Meissner","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121013200492900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2189","article-title":"Duration of illness in infants with bronchiolitis evaluated in the emergency department.","volume":"126","author":"Petruzella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121013200492900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.04.074","article-title":"Nebulized 5% or 3% hypertonic or 0.9% saline for treating acute bronchiolitis in infants.","volume":"157","author":"Al-Ansari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121013200492900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3746","article-title":"Oral dexamethasone for bronchiolitis: a randomized trial.","volume":"132","author":"Alansari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121013200492900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.1435","article-title":"Decreasing hospital length of stay for bronchiolitis by using an observation unit and home oxygen therapy.","volume":"167","author":"Sandweiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121013200492900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis.","volume":"134","author":"Ralston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121013200492900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.113","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization outcomes and costs of full-term and preterm infants.","volume":"36","author":"McLaurin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013200492900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.3.17-00163","article-title":"Incidence and seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisations in young children in Denmark, 2010 to 2015.","volume":"23","author":"Jepsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2021121013200492900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.09.020","article-title":"Progress in understanding and controlling respiratory syncytial virus: still crazy after all these years.","volume":"162","author":"Collins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121013200492900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802256","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies for emerging infectious diseases - borrowing from history.","volume":"378","author":"Marston","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121013200492900_B11","first-page":"103","article-title":"Immunoprophylaxis of RSV infection: advancing from RSV-IGIV to palivizumab and motavizumab.","volume":"317","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013200492900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.531","article-title":"Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants.","volume":"102","author":"The IMpact-RSV Study Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121013200492900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-010-0230-z","article-title":"Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review.","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121013200492900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.1.106","article-title":"Observer agreement for respiratory signs and oximetry in infants hospitalized with lower respiratory infections.","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121013200492900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2016.7","article-title":"Management of bronchiolitis in community hospitals in Ontario: a multicentre cohort study.","volume":"18","author":"Plint","year":"2016","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121013200492900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.6.937","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin treatment of RSV lower respiratory tract infection in previously healthy children.","volume":"100","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013200492900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.3.454","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune globulin intravenous therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infections: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immune Globulin Study Group.","volume":"99","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121013200492900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1086\/314523","article-title":"Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in tracheal aspirates in intubated infants by use of humanized monoclonal antibody to RSV F protein.","volume":"178","author":"Malley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013200492900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1086\/322043","article-title":"Phase 1 evaluation of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific monoclonal antibody palivizumab in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants.","volume":"184","author":"Boeckh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121013200492900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410019282","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus-related pneumonia after stem cell transplantation successfully treated with palivizumab and steroid therapy.","volume":"36","author":"Banna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121013200492900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181343b7e","article-title":"Intravenous palivizumab and ribavirin combination for respiratory syncytial virus disease in high-risk pediatric patients.","volume":"26","author":"Ch\u00e1vez-Bueno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121013200492900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00453.x","article-title":"A multi-drug regimen for respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections in adult lung and heart-lung transplant recipients.","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121013200492900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2010.00561.x","article-title":"Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adult patients with hematologic malignancies based on an institution-specific guideline.","volume":"13","author":"McCoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121013200492900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3182756edc","article-title":"Detection, control, and management of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a pediatric hematology-oncology department.","volume":"35","author":"Shachor-Meyouhas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121013200492900_B25","first-page":"146","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous palivizumab and standard of care for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients.","volume":"21","author":"Helmink","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121013200492900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000133165.85909.08","article-title":"Safety and pharmacokinetics of palivizumab therapy in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection.","volume":"23","author":"S\u00e1ez-Llorens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121013200492900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000240","article-title":"Motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness.","volume":"33","author":"Ramilo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121013200492900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00017-08","article-title":"Human genetic factors and respiratory syncytial virus disease severity.","volume":"21","author":"Miyairi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013200492900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.01.008","article-title":"Pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus.","volume":"2","author":"van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121013200492900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1086\/428855","article-title":"Production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.","volume":"191","author":"McNamara","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2018-2308\/1075912\/peds_20182308.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2018-2308\/1075912\/peds_20182308.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T02:35:58Z","timestamp":1639190158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/143\/3\/e20182308\/37270\/Monoclonal-Antibody-Treatment-of-RSV-Bronchiolitis"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-2308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"article-number":"e20182308"}}