{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:13:42Z","timestamp":1792073622234,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n Among extremely preterm infants, we evaluated whether bevacizumab therapy compared with surgery for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with adverse outcomes in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on preterm (22\u201326 + 6\/7 weeks\u2019 gestational age) infants admitted to the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network centers who received bevacizumab or surgery exclusively for ROP. The primary outcome was death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18 to 26 months\u2019 corrected age (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition cognitive or motor composite score &lt;70, Gross Motor Functional Classification Scale level \u22652, bilateral blindness or hearing impairment).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n The cohort (N = 405; 214 [53%] boys; median [interquartile range] gestational age: 24.6 [23.9\u201325.3] weeks) included 181 (45%) infants who received bevacizumab and 224 (55%) who underwent ROP surgery. Infants treated with bevacizumab had a lower median (interquartile range) birth weight (640 [541\u2013709] vs 660 [572.5\u2013750] g; P = .02) and longer durations of conventional ventilation (35 [21\u201358] vs 33 [18\u201349] days; P = .04) and supplemental oxygen (112 [94\u2013120] vs 105 [84.5\u2013120] days; P = .01). Death or severe NDI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94 to 2.14) and severe NDI (aOR 1.14; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.70) did not differ between groups. Odds of death (aOR 2.54 [95% CI 1.42 to 4.55]; P = .002), a cognitive score &lt;85 (aOR 1.78 [95% CI 1.09 to 2.91]; P = .02), and a Gross Motor Functional Classification Scale level \u22652 (aOR 1.73 [95% CI 1.04 to 2.88]; P = .04) were significantly higher with bevacizumab therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n In this multicenter cohort of preterm infants, ROP treatment modality was not associated with differences in death or NDI, but the bevacizumab group had higher mortality and poor cognitive outcomes in early childhood. These data reveal the need for a rigorous appraisal of ROP therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T08:27:29Z","timestamp":1563870449000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity by Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Girija","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seetha","family":"Shankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Nolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaanti","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Hintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital, Palo Alto, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale L.","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara B.","family":"DeMauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waldemar A.","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie G.","family":"Gantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel G.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelle E.","family":"Younge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Bliss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Seabrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra H.","family":"Wyckoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward F.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty R.","family":"Vohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary D.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2021121021504341000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.09.019","article-title":"Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.","volume":"88","author":"Mintz-Hittner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121021504341000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007374","article-title":"Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"364","author":"Mintz-Hittner","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121021504341000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0177-8","article-title":"New insights in diagnosis and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"36","author":"Cernichiaro-Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021121021504341000_B4","first-page":"233","article-title":"Final results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial.","volume":"102","author":"Good","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121021504341000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.015","article-title":"Intravitreal bevacizumab versus laser treatment in type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: report on fluorescein angiographic findings.","volume":"121","author":"Lepore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121021504341000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318275394a","article-title":"Long-term effect of antiangiogenic therapy for retinopathy of prematurity up to 5 years of follow-up.","volume":"33","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Castellanos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121021504341000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F327","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302365","article-title":"Serious adverse events and visual outcomes of rescue therapy using adjunct bevacizumab to laser and surgery for retinopathy of prematurity. The Indian Twin Cities Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening database report number 5.","volume":"98","author":"Jalali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121021504341000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02757.x","article-title":"Is Avastin the right choice of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity?","volume":"101","author":"K\u00e4ll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121021504341000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F170","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-301148","article-title":"Are we there yet? Bevacizumab therapy for retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"98","author":"Darlow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121021504341000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.07.005","article-title":"Serum concentrations of bevacizumab (avastin) and vascular endothelial growth factor in infants with retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"153","author":"Sato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121021504341000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15842","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab and its effects on serum VEGF and IGF-1 in infants with retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"56","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121021504341000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.5373","article-title":"Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and related factors after intravitreous bevacizumab injection for retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"133","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121021504341000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129383","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the safety of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"10","author":"Pertl","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121021504341000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.2772","article-title":"Refractive outcomes following bevacizumab monotherapy compared with conventional laser treatment: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"132","author":"Geloneck","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121021504341000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153218","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3218","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes following bevacizumab injections for retinopathy of prematurity.","volume":"137","author":"Morin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121021504341000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684","article-title":"Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial.","volume":"121","author":"Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121021504341000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00386-X","article-title":"A United States national reference for fetal growth.","volume":"87","author":"Alexander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121021504341000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. 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