{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:19:52Z","timestamp":1790709592052,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The nutritional and immunologic properties of human milk, along with clear evidence of dose-dependent optimal health outcomes for both mothers and infants, provide a compelling rationale to support exclusive breastfeeding. US women increasingly intend to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months. Because establishing lactation can be challenging, exclusivity is often compromised in hopes of preventing feeding-related neonatal complications, potentially affecting the continuation and duration of breastfeeding. Risk factors for impaired lactogenesis are identifiable and common. Clinicians must be able to recognize normative patterns of exclusive breastfeeding in the first week while proactively identifying potential challenges. In this review, we provide new evidence from the past 10 years on the following topics relevant to exclusive breastfeeding: milk production and transfer, neonatal weight and output assessment, management of glucose and bilirubin, immune development and the microbiome, supplementation, and health system factors. We focus on the early days of exclusive breastfeeding in healthy newborns \u226535 weeks\u2019 gestation managed in the routine postpartum unit. With this evidence-based clinical review, we provide detailed guidance in identifying medical indications for early supplementation and can inform best practices for both birthing facilities and providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T12:25:11Z","timestamp":1583929511000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Evidence-Based Updates on the First Week of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants \u226535 Weeks"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Lori","family":"Feldman-Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cooper Medical School, Rowan University and Children\u2019s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Kellams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigal","family":"Peter-Wohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie Scott","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Sint Maarten, Netherlands Antilles;"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary J.","family":"Terrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Maynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Younger","family":"Meek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison M.","family":"Stuebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and"},{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health and Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20171229","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1229","article-title":"National trends in pediatricians\u2019 practices and attitudes about breastfeeding: 1995 to 2014","volume":"140","author":"Feldman-Winter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3552","article-title":"Breastfeeding and the use of human milk","volume":"129","author":"Section on Breastfeeding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20161889","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1889","article-title":"Safe sleep and skin-to-skin care in the neonatal period for healthy term newborns","volume":"138","author":"Feldman-Winter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.29038.ajk","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #3: supplementary feedings in the healthy term breastfed neonate, revised 2017","volume":"12","author":"Kellams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.9986","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #1: guidelines for blood glucose monitoring and treatment of hypoglycemia in term and late-preterm neonates, revised 2014","volume":"9","author":"Wight","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.9996","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #2: guidelines for hospital discharge of the breastfeeding term newborn and mother: \u201cThe going home protocol,\u201d revised 2014","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B110","volume-title":"Implementation Guidance: Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services \u2013 The Revised Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E312","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020312","article-title":"Do a few weeks matter? Late preterm infants and breastfeeding issues","volume":"11","author":"Crippa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01692.x","article-title":"Early severe weight loss in newborns after discharge from regular nurseries","volume":"99","author":"Tjora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCCER210","volume-title":"Breastfeeding Programs and Policies, Breastfeeding Uptake, and Maternal Health Outcomes in Developed Countries","author":"Feltner","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12596","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12596","article-title":"Becoming breastfeeding friendly index: development and application for scaling-up breastfeeding programmes globally","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0125","article-title":"The development of an accurate test weighing technique for preterm and high-risk hospitalized infants","volume":"4","author":"Haase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12294","article-title":"Impact of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative on breastfeeding and child health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121111154553800_B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.8882","article-title":"Primary care interventions to support breastfeeding: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [published correction appears in JAMA. 2016;316(20):2155]","volume":"316","author":"Patnode","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E48","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010048","article-title":"Breastfeeding determinants in healthy term newborns","volume":"10","author":"Colombo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F380","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.5.F380","article-title":"Effect of caesarean section on breast milk transfer to the normal term newborn over the first week of life","volume":"88","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E532","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060532","article-title":"Immune components in human milk are associated with early infant immunological health outcomes: a prospective three-country analysis","volume":"9","author":"Munblit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111154553800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1218","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091218","article-title":"Comparison of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with an ion selective electrode to determine sodium and potassium levels in human milk","volume":"10","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B10","unstructured":"Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: breastfeeding and infant feeding practices. 2014. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/data\/ifps\/results.htm. Accessed February, 11, 2019"},{"issue":"3 pt 1","key":"2021121111154553800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.3.607","article-title":"Risk factors for suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, delayed onset of lactation, and excess neonatal weight loss","volume":"112","author":"Dewey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.07.002","article-title":"A prospective study of breastfeeding intentions of healthy weight and overweight women as predictors of breastfeeding outcomes","volume":"53","author":"de Jersey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B13","first-page":"120","article-title":"Risk factors for early lactation problems among Peruvian primiparous mothers","volume":"6","author":"Matias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334417727716","article-title":"Obesity as a predictor of delayed lactogenesis II","volume":"33","author":"Preusting","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.011007","article-title":"Does insulin explain the relation between maternal obesity and poor lactation outcomes? An overview of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Nommsen-Rivers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2007.05.005","article-title":"Recognizing and treating delayed or failed lactogenesis II","volume":"52","author":"Hurst","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.001","article-title":"Overcoming clinical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding","volume":"60","author":"Neifert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111154553800_B18","first-page":"CD006170","article-title":"Methods of milk expression for lactating women","author":"Becker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F18","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.209213","article-title":"Randomised trial comparing hand expression with breast pumping for mothers of term newborns feeding poorly","volume":"97","author":"Flaherman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9828","article-title":"Autocrine-paracrine regulation of the mammary gland","volume":"99","author":"Weaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B21","unstructured":"YouTube . Reverse pressure softening (RPS). 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cbBTyG3grt4. Accessed February 5, 2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334404264224","article-title":"Reverse pressure softening: a simple tool to prepare areola for easier latching during engorgement","volume":"20","author":"Cotterman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.29008.pjb","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #20: engorgement, revised 2016","volume":"11","author":"Berens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111154553800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0100","article-title":"Mothers value and utilize early outpatient education on breast massage and hand expression in their self-management of engorgement","volume":"11","author":"Witt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.07.014","article-title":"Management of breastfeeding during and after the maternity hospitalization for late preterm infants","volume":"40","author":"Meier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1295","article-title":"Reasons for earlier than desired cessation of breastfeeding","volume":"131","author":"Odom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111154553800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120910833","article-title":"Persistent nipple pain in breastfeeding mothers associated with abnormal infant tongue movement","volume":"12","author":"McClellan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121111154553800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph121012247","article-title":"Nipple pain in breastfeeding mothers: incidence, causes and treatments","volume":"12","author":"Kent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0194","article-title":"Nipple pain incidence, the predisposing factors, the recovery period after care management, and the exclusive breastfeeding outcome","volume":"12","author":"Puapornpong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B31","first-page":"CD011065","article-title":"Frenotomy for tongue-tie in newborn infants","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121111154553800_B32","first-page":"CD007366","article-title":"Interventions for treating painful nipples among breastfeeding women","author":"Dennis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2018.21.017","article-title":"A systematic review on prevention and treatment of nipple pain and fissure: are they curable?","volume":"21","author":"Niazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharmacopuncture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2663","article-title":"Excess weight loss in first-born breastfed newborns relates to maternal intrapartum fluid balance","volume":"127","author":"Chantry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.10.024","article-title":"Neonatal weight loss at a US Baby-Friendly Hospital","volume":"112","author":"Grossman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12472","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12472","article-title":"Weight gain in the first week of life predicts overweight at 2 years: a prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Feldman-Winter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20181092","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1092","article-title":"Infant feeding and weight gain: separating breast milk from breastfeeding and formula from food","volume":"142","author":"Azad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1532","article-title":"Early weight loss nomograms for exclusively breastfed newborns","volume":"135","author":"Flaherman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12105","article-title":"Charts for weight loss to detect hypernatremic dehydration and prevent formula supplementing","volume":"41","author":"van Dommelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334407311538","article-title":"Newborn wet and soiled diaper counts and timing of onset of lactation as indicators of breastfeeding inadequacy","volume":"24","author":"Nommsen-Rivers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2011.02.010","article-title":"Influence of breast-feeding on weight loss, jaundice, and waste elimination in neonates","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.044","article-title":"The relation between breast milk sodium to potassium ratio and maternal report of a milk supply concern","volume":"181","author":"Murase","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.118880","article-title":"Incidence of dehydration and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants","volume":"139","author":"Manganaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2018.06.005","article-title":"Weight loss thresholds to detect early hypernatremia in newborns","volume":"95","author":"Ferr\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334415613079","article-title":"Breastfeeding-associated hypernatremia: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Lavagno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmr087","article-title":"Hypernatremia in breastfed newborns: a review of 149 cases","volume":"58","author":"Bilgin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F384","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302908","article-title":"Severe neonatal hypernatraemia: a population based study","volume":"98","author":"Oddie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121111154553800_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167313","article-title":"Evidence based weighing policy during the first week to prevent neonatal hypernatremic dehydration while breastfeeding","volume":"11","author":"Boer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F376","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.138024","article-title":"Duration of meconium passage in preterm and term infants","volume":"93","author":"Bekkali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.04.001","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation at birth","volume":"10","author":"Ward Platt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7748\/paed.18.6.38.s30","article-title":"The neonatal energy triangle. Part 1: metabolic adaptation","volume":"18","author":"Aylott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.04.002","article-title":"The investigation and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia","volume":"10","author":"Deshpande","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.06.044","article-title":"Knowledge gaps and research needs for understanding and treating neonatal hypoglycemia: workshop report from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","volume":"155","author":"Hay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021121111154553800_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504909","article-title":"Neonatal glycemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years","volume":"373","author":"McKinlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121111154553800_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1579","article-title":"Association of neonatal glycemia with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4.5 years","volume":"171","author":"McKinlay","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20171143","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1143","article-title":"A quality-improvement initiative to reduce NICU transfers for neonates at risk for hypoglycemia","volume":"141","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121111154553800_B57","first-page":"CD003519","article-title":"Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants","author":"Moore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-3851","article-title":"Postnatal glucose homeostasis in late-preterm and term infants","volume":"127","author":"Adamkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13409","article-title":"Implementation of dextrose gel in the management of neonatal hypoglycaemia","volume":"53","author":"Ter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F344","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308950","article-title":"Supporting \u2018Baby Friendly\u2019: a quality improvement initiative for the management of transitional neonatal hypoglycaemia","volume":"101","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E876","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050876","article-title":"Glucose gel as a potential alternative treatment to infant formula for neonatal hypoglycaemia in Australia","volume":"15","author":"Barber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0440-6","article-title":"Randomised trial of neonatal hypoglycaemia prevention with oral dextrose gel (hPOD): study protocol","volume":"15","author":"Harding","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121111154553800_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002155","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002155","article-title":"Prophylactic oral dextrose gel for newborn babies at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a randomised controlled dose-finding trial (the pre-hPOD study)","volume":"13","author":"Hegarty","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"9910","key":"2021121111154553800_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61645-1","article-title":"Dextrose gel for neonatal hypoglycaemia (the Sugar Babies Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"382","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000426","article-title":"Glucose gel as a treatment strategy for transient neonatal hypoglycemia","volume":"17","author":"Newnam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"10085","key":"2021121111154553800_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31373-9","article-title":"Advising women with diabetes in pregnancy to express breastmilk in late pregnancy (Diabetes and Antenatal Milk Expressing [DAME]): a multicentre, unblinded, randomised controlled trial","volume":"389","author":"Forster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.03.057","article-title":"Recommendations from the Pediatric Endocrine Society for evaluation and management of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates, infants, and children","volume":"167","author":"Thornton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-017-1051-0","article-title":"Screening for hypoglycemia in exclusively breastfed high-risk neonates","volume":"54","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.29042.vjf","article-title":"ABM clinical protocol #22: guidelines for management of jaundice in the breastfeeding infant 35 weeks or more of gestation-revised 2017","volume":"12","author":"Flaherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N3p217","article-title":"Differential risk for early breastfeeding jaundice in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2014.98","article-title":"Association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed infants with UGT1A1 or SLCOs polymorphisms","volume":"60","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24811-3","article-title":"Adaptive response of neonatal sepsis-derived group B Streptococcus to bilirubin","volume":"8","author":"Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.297","article-title":"Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation","volume":"114","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1494","article-title":"Phototherapy to prevent severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation","volume":"128","author":"Bhutani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1412","article-title":"Reduction of severe hyperbilirubinemia after institution of predischarge bilirubin screening","volume":"125","author":"Mah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20180648","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0648","article-title":"Childhood seizures after phototherapy","volume":"142","author":"Newman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.5630","article-title":"Efficacy of subthreshold newborn phototherapy during the birth hospitalization in preventing readmission for phototherapy","volume":"172","author":"Wickremasinghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2011.11.008","article-title":"Weight loss percentage prediction of subsequent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in exclusively breastfed neonates","volume":"53","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1512-8","article-title":"Risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in breastfed term neonates","volume":"171","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12667","article-title":"Effect of breast-feeding frequency on hyperbilirubinemia in breast-fed term neonate","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1287897","article-title":"The correlation between frequency and duration of breastfeeding and the severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"31","author":"Hassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2012.08.012","article-title":"Model to predict hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and near-term newborns with exclusive breast feeding","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-9-82","article-title":"Significant weight loss in breastfed term infants readmitted for hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"9","author":"Salas","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.12.035","article-title":"In-hospital formula use increases early breastfeeding cessation among first-time mothers intending to exclusively breastfeed","volume":"164","author":"Chantry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0096","article-title":"Donor milk utilization for healthy infants: experience at a single academic center","volume":"13","author":"Sen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B86","first-page":"154","article-title":"Breastfeeding experiences of Taiwanese mothers of infants with breastfeeding or breast milk jaundice in certified baby-friendly hospitals","volume":"13","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3479","article-title":"Family-centered, evidence-based phototherapy delivery","volume":"131","author":"Szucs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12381","article-title":"Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential consequences for development of the allergic phenotype","volume":"45","author":"Munblit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111112","article-title":"The impact of the milk glycobiome on the neonate gut microbiota","volume":"3","author":"Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121111154553800_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900829","article-title":"Formula feeding skews immune cell composition toward adaptive immunity compared to breastfeeding","volume":"183","author":"Andersson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20172437","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2437","article-title":"The role of the microbiome in the developmental origins of health and disease","volume":"141","author":"Stiemsma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121111154553800_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4142","article-title":"The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Tamburini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174415001397","article-title":"Impact of mode of delivery on the milk microbiota composition of healthy women","volume":"7","author":"Cabrera-Rubio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4039","article-title":"Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer","volume":"22","author":"Dominguez-Bello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2017.05.013","article-title":"Breastfeeding increases microbial community resilience","volume":"94","author":"Carvalho-Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"7728","key":"2021121111154553800_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0617-x","article-title":"Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study","volume":"562","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.12.073","article-title":"The effect of early limited formula on breastfeeding, readmission, and intestinal microbiota: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"196","author":"Flaherman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121111154553800_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181161","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.1161","article-title":"Association of exposure to formula in the hospital and subsequent infant feeding practices with gut microbiota and risk of overweight in the first year of life","volume":"172","author":"Forbes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofw225","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofw225","article-title":"An interprofessional curriculum on antimicrobial stewardship improves knowledge and attitudes toward appropriate antimicrobial use and collaboration","volume":"4","author":"MacDougall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121111154553800_B100","first-page":"CD006462","article-title":"Early additional food and fluids for healthy breastfed full-term infants","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B101","unstructured":"American Academy of Family Physicians. Breastfeeding, family physicians supporting (position paper). 2014. Available at: https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/about\/policies\/all\/breastfeeding-support.html. Accessed April 24, 2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001318","article-title":"Committee opinion No. 658: optimizing support for breastfeeding as part of obstetric practice","volume":"127","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Committee on Obstetric Practice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111154553800_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.29012.cha","article-title":"ABM position on breastfeeding-revised 2015","volume":"10","author":"Chantry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121111154553800_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.129081","article-title":"A breast-feeding assessment score to evaluate the risk for cessation of breast-feeding by 7 to 10 days of age","volume":"141","author":"Hall","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3633","article-title":"Baby-friendly hospital practices and meeting exclusive breastfeeding intention","volume":"130","author":"Perrine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121111154553800_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.235077","article-title":"Infant formula feeding at birth is common and inversely associated with subsequent breastfeeding behavior in Vietnam","volume":"146","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121111154553800_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0172","article-title":"The mechanics of breast pumping: compression stimuli increased milk ejection","volume":"11","author":"Alekseev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121111154553800_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2809","article-title":"Effect of early limited formula on duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding in at-risk infants: an RCT","volume":"131","author":"Flaherman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121111154553800_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1424","article-title":"Effect of early limited formula on breastfeeding duration in the first year of life: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"173","author":"Flaherman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334413517940","article-title":"Effect of cup feeding and bottle feeding on breastfeeding in late preterm infants: a randomized controlled study","volume":"30","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121111154553800_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.511","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use and bottle-feeding or cupfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding","volume":"111","author":"Howard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121111154553800_B113","first-page":"CD005092","article-title":"Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed","author":"Flint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121111154553800_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.87","article-title":"Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases milk production in mothers of preterm infants","volume":"29","author":"Morton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121111154553800_B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1251","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091251","article-title":"Mother\u2013infant physical contact predicts responsive feeding among U.S. Breastfeeding mothers","volume":"10","author":"Little","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-171","article-title":"Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices of Emirati mothers in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"13","author":"Radwan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12497","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12497","article-title":"Baby-Friendly Hospital designation has a sustained impact on continued breastfeeding","volume":"14","author":"Spaeth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-99","article-title":"Determinants of rapid weight gain during infancy: baseline results from the NOURISH randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Mihrshahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121111154553800_B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2018.0196","article-title":"Association of maternity care practices and policies with in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Barrera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121111154553800_B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163121","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3121","article-title":"Best fed beginnings: a nationwide quality improvement initiative to increase breastfeeding","volume":"140","author":"Feldman-Winter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20181897","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1897","article-title":"Addressing racial inequities in breastfeeding in the southern United States","volume":"143","author":"Merewood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121111154553800_B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2018.06.002","article-title":"Association between rooming-in policy and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"60","author":"Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"2021121111154553800_B127","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services. 2017. Available at: www.who.int\/nutrition\/publications\/guidelines\/breastfeeding-facilities-maternity-newborn\/en\/. Accessed December 20, 2018"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2018-3696\/1079018\/peds_20183696.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2018-3696\/1079018\/peds_20183696.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T13:15:09Z","timestamp":1695906909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/145\/4\/e20183696\/36972\/Evidence-Based-Updates-on-the-First-Week-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2018-3696","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"article-number":"e20183696"}}