{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1782802926002,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There has long been an association between congenital heart disease (CHD) and general neurodevelopmental delays. However, the association between CHD and autism spectrum disorders (AuSDs) is less well understood. Using administrative data, we sought to determine the association between CHD and AuSD and identify specific CHD lesions with higher odds of developing AuSD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a 1:3 case-control study of children enrolled in the US Military Health System from 2001 to 2013. Children with International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for AuSD were identified as cases and matched with controls on the basis of date of birth, sex, and enrollment time frame. Each child\u2019s records were reviewed for CHD lesions and associated procedures. Conditional logistic regression determined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for comparative associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 8760 cases with AuSD and 26\u2009280 controls included in the study. After adjustment for genetic syndrome, maternal age, gestational diabetes, short gestation, newborn epilepsy, birth asphyxia, and low birth weight, there were increased odds of AuSD in patients with CHD (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.10\u20131.59). Specific lesions with significant OR included atrial septal defects (n = 82; OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.07\u20132.74) and ventricular septal defects (n = 193; OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.21\u20132.25).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children with CHD have increased odds of developing AuSD. Specific lesions associated with increased risk include atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects. These findings will be useful for counseling parents of children with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-4114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T12:33:20Z","timestamp":1570710800000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Congenital Heart Disease and Autism: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Sigmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kelleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; 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