{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:38:01Z","timestamp":1761766681288,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This is the case of a previously healthy 15-month-old girl who initially presented to her primary pediatrician with a 2-week history of intermittent periorbital edema. The edema had improved by the time of the visit, and a urine specimen was unable to be obtained in the clinic. A routine fingerstick demonstrated anemia to 8.8 mg\/dL, so the patient was started on ferrous sulfate. She then returned to the emergency department 1 month later with severe periorbital edema and pallor but no other significant symptoms. On physical examination, she was tachycardic with striking periorbital edema and an otherwise normal physical examination. She was noted to have a severe microcytic anemia (hemoglobin of 3.9 mg\/dL and mean corpuscular volume of 53.1 fL) and hypoalbuminemia (albumin of 1.9 g\/dL and total protein of 3.3 g\/dL). The remainder of her electrolytes and liver function test results were within normal limits. A urinalysis was sent, which was negative for protein. Our panel of experts reviews her case to determine a unifying diagnosis for both her severe anemia and her hypoalbuminemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T13:29:34Z","timestamp":1582205374000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Case of a 15-Month-Old With Periorbital Edema and Severe Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Audrey D.","family":"Kamzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Newcomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noah C.","family":"Federman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mattel Children\u2019s Hospital and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013104638700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307153290308","article-title":"Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood","volume":"329","author":"Oski","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021121013104638700_B2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Prediction of therapeutic response to iron","volume-title":"Iron Nutrition Revisited\u2013Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence: Report of the Eighty-Second Ross Conference on Pediatric Research","author":"Reeves","year":"1981"},{"key":"2021121013104638700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2824.2009.01228.x","article-title":"Transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury: diagnosis, pathophysiology, management and prevention","volume":"4","author":"Andreu","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISBT Sci Ser"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121013104638700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2013.02.001","article-title":"The prevention of transfusion-associated circulatory overload","volume":"27","author":"Alam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121013104638700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23238","article-title":"Red blood cell transfusion in pediatric patients with severe chronic anemia: how slow is necessary?","volume":"58","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121013104638700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2576","article-title":"Diagnosis and prevention of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in infants and young children (0-3 years of age)","volume":"126","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021121013104638700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470696705","author":"Weatherall","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Thalassaemia Syndromes"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121013104638700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/03630269208993124","article-title":"Hemoglobinopathies in Yugoslavia: an update","volume":"16","author":"Efremov","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121013104638700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)90003-6","article-title":"Cow milk feeding in infancy: further observations on blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"116","author":"Ziegler","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121013104638700_B10","first-page":"224","article-title":"Severe malnutrition among young children\u2013Georgia, January 1997-June 1999","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021121013104638700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1235-2","article-title":"Clinical practice. 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