{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:46:30Z","timestamp":1792176390351,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The developmental impact of opioid use during pregnancy is a subject of ongoing debate. Short-term neonatal outcomes, such as lower birth weight and neonatal abstinence syndrome, are the most well-recognized outcomes. However, knowledge gaps exist regarding longer-term neurocognitive and mental health outcomes. In this article, we summarize an expert panel discussion that was held in April 2018 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and attended by national experts in the field of perinatal opioid exposure and its impact on child development. Despite the challenges with research in this area, there is emerging literature revealing an association between neonates exposed to opioids in utero and longer-term adverse neurocognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. Although adverse sequalae may not be apparent in the neonatal period, they may become more salient as children develop and reach preschool and school age. Multiple variables (genetic, environmental, and biological) result in a highly complex picture. The next steps and strategies to support families impacted by opioid use disorder are explored. Model programs are also considered, including integrated care for the child and mother, parenting supports, and augmentations to home visiting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T08:29:07Z","timestamp":1563438547000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Cognitive and Behavioral Impact on Children Exposed to Opioids During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Justine J.","family":"Larson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon L.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn T.","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Beckwith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Specialized Hospital, Mountainside, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishka","family":"Terplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrietta S.","family":"Bada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121014565231800_B1","article-title":"Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD: CBHSQ. Available at: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/report\/behavioral-health-trends-united-states-results-2014-national-survey-drug-use-and-health-nsduh. Accessed July 1, 2019","author":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ)"},{"key":"2021121014565231800_B2","article-title":"Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD: CBHSQ. Available at: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUH-FFR1-2015\/NSDUH-FFR1-2015\/NSDUH-FFR1-2015.htm. Accessed June 28, 2019","author":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121014565231800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000472","article-title":"Opioid abuse and dependence during pregnancy: temporal trends and obstetrical outcomes.","volume":"121","author":"Maeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121014565231800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000309","article-title":"Beyond the treatment box: perspectives on the federal response to opioid use, pregnancy, and neonatal abstinence syndrome.","volume":"11","author":"Terplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121014565231800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002562","article-title":"Opioid detoxification during pregnancy: a systematic review.","volume":"131","author":"Terplan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121014565231800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.04.003","article-title":"Trends and disparities in receipt of pharmacotherapy among pregnant women in publically funded treatment programs for opioid use disorder in the United States.","volume":"89","author":"Short","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121014565231800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002734","article-title":"Fatal and nonfatal overdose among pregnant and postpartum women in Massachusetts.","volume":"132","author":"Schiff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2021121014565231800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.012","article-title":"Medication assisted treatment discontinuation in pregnant and postpartum women with opioid use disorder.","volume":"149","author":"Wilder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121014565231800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001559","article-title":"Higher risk of homicide among pregnant and postpartum females aged 10-29 years in Illinois, 2002-2011.","volume":"128","author":"Koch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121014565231800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2010.0038","article-title":"Neonatal abstinence scores in opioid-exposed and nonexposed neonates: a blinded comparison.","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121014565231800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.36","article-title":"Increasing incidence and geographic distribution of neonatal abstinence syndrome: United States 2009 to 2012 [published correction appears in J Perinatol. 2015;35(8):667].","volume":"35","author":"Patrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121014565231800_B12","article-title":"Neonatal drug withdrawal [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2014;133(5):937].","volume":"129","author":"Hudak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121014565231800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication [published correction appears in Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(7):768].","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021121014565231800_B14","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 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