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Genetic and neuroimaging research have revealed that dyslexia is heritable and that it is undergirded by brain differences that are present even before reading instruction begins. Cognitive-behavioral research has revealed that there are early literacy skill deficits that represent red flags for dyslexia risk and can be measured at a preschool age. Altogether, this evidence points to dyslexia as a disorder that can be flagged by a pediatrician before school entry, during a period of heightened brain plasticity when interventions are more likely to be effective. In this review, we discuss the clinical implications of the most recent advances in dyslexia research, which converge to indicate that early identification and screening are crucial to the prevention or mitigation of adverse secondary consequences of dyslexia. We further highlight evidence-based and practical strategies for the implementation of early risk identification in pediatric practice so that physicians can be empowered in their ability to treat, educate, and advocate for their patients and families with dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T12:25:22Z","timestamp":1592915122000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Reintroducing Dyslexia: Early Identification and Implications for Pediatric Practice"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaacov","family":"Petscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Center for Reading Research, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Rappaport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Zuckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, 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