{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:59:18Z","timestamp":1753887558635,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Milk of calcium is a viscous colloidal suspension of calcium salts that forms in dilated cysts or cavities. We present, for the first time in literature, a toddler with isolated milk of calcium and treated with a conservative approach. A boy with a history of one urinary tract infection and recurrent fever without vesicoureteral reflux showed at the age of 14 months a left obstructive staghorn stone. Because of absent function of the left kidney at mercapto acetyl tri glycine\u00a0scintigraphy, a JJ stent was positioned with a leak of whitish material immediately after the stent positioning. Renal scintigraphy performed 1 month later revealed a partial resumption in renal function (18%). When he was 18 months old, the child suffered episodes of acute pain with inconsolable crying, unresponsive to paracetamol administration. Ultrasound assessment revealed left pelvic dilation (anterior-posterior diameter of 18 mm), suspended echogenic debris in the bladder, and dilated left distal ureter with particulate matter. These episodes of acute pain were followed by expulsion of numerous soft formations and emission of greenish urine. Both urine culture at the admission and culture on the greenish urines were sterile. After the expulsion of the soft formations, pain episodes stopped. The diagnosis of milk of calcium stone was made. With this case, we highlight a condition that can be easily diagnosed (if known) because the morphology of the expelled material is pathognomonic. Diagnosing it could avoid unnecessary treatments (ie, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy) and support a conservative approach (ie, stent positioning).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T12:29:34Z","timestamp":1590668974000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Particular Form of \u201cUrolithiasis\u201d in a Toddler"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Marzuillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy;"},{"name":"Contributed equally as co-first authors."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Capalbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy;"},{"name":"Contributed equally as co-first authors."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Collura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Balassone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, Polytechnic and Basic Science School, Universit\u00e0 delgli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"La Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Miraglia del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021121100011506300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.2.407","article-title":"Urinary milk of calcium in children and adults: use of gravity-dependent 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