{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:20:09Z","timestamp":1783686009756,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the United States in 2019, there was an outbreak of electronic cigarette, or vaping, product use\u2013associated lung injury (EVALI). The manifestations of EVALI in adolescents are not well characterized. We describe the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of EVALI in adolescents hospitalized at a tertiary care, university-affiliated children\u2019s hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multidisciplinary committee developed an EVALI algorithm on the basis of guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients diagnosed with EVALI. Descriptive analyses included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging results, pulmonary function testing, oxygen requirements, and clinic follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirteen hospitalized adolescents were diagnosed with confirmed or probable EVALI. The majority were female (54%) with a mean age of 15.9 years. Sixty-nine percent of patients presented with respiratory symptoms, whereas gastrointestinal symptoms were prominent in 85% of patients. Vaping \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol was reported in 92% of patients, and vaping nicotine was reported in 62% of patients. All had bilateral ground-glass opacities on the chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Treatment with glucocorticoids led to clinical improvement in 11 of 12 patients. Treatment with glucocorticoids led to improvement in both forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (P &amp;lt; .05). Four patients required home oxygen on the basis of 6-minute walk test results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diagnosis of EVALI should be suspected on the basis of vaping history and clinical presentation. Glucocorticoid treatment led to an improvement in symptoms and lung function. The 6-minute walk test may help determine oxygen needs at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-4104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T12:29:29Z","timestamp":1589200169000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Clinical Features of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use\u2013Associated Lung Injury in Teenagers"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Devika R.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Respiratory Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra L.","family":"Maple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Dettori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Respiratory Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folashade","family":"Afolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Respiratory Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny K.R.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddy","family":"Artunduaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany J.","family":"Lieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Aldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine and"},{"name":"North Texas Poison Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dazhe James","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine and"},{"name":"North Texas Poison Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine, and"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sing Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"North Texas Poison Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineeta","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"2021120914555900200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1910739","article-title":"Trends in adolescent vaping, 2017-2019","volume":"381","author":"Miech","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021120914555900200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20185","article-title":"Trends in reported marijuana vaping among US adolescents, 2017-2019","volume":"323","author":"Miech","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021120914555900200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151022","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151022","article-title":"Association between electronic cigarette use and asthma among high school students in South Korea","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021120914555900200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163927","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3927","article-title":"Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome from e-cigarette use","volume":"141","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021120914555900200_B5","first-page":"100825","article-title":"Acute eosinophilic pneumonia following electronic cigarette use","volume":"27","author":"Arter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021120914555900200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-019-00277-6","article-title":"Vaping-associated acute respiratory failure due to acute lipoid pneumonia","volume":"198","author":"Dicpinigaitis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2021120914555900200_B7","first-page":"9724530","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by vaping","volume":"2018","author":"Agustin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"key":"2021120914555900200_B8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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