{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:52:17Z","timestamp":1793976737620,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal stroke encompasses multiple disease-specific cerebrovascular syndromes that cause lifelong neurodevelopmental morbidity for millions worldwide. Acute presentations include neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS), neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, and neonatal hemorrhagic stroke (NHS). Delayed presentations include arterial presumed perinatal ischemic stroke, periventricular venous infarction, and presumed perinatal hemorrhagic stroke. Our objective was to define the birth prevalence of all subtypes of perinatal stroke by using a population-based cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project is a research cohort established in 2008 in southern Alberta, Canada, with prospective (2008\u20132017) and retrospective (1990\u20132008) enrollment leveraging universal health care at a single tertiary care pediatric center. The primary outcome was the estimated birth prevalence of each perinatal stroke syndrome, secondary outcomes were birth prevalence over time, sex ratios, and change in age at diagnosis. Analysis included Poisson regression, Wilcoxon rank test, and Fisher exact test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall estimated birth prevalence of term-born perinatal stroke was 1:1100. The estimated birth prevalence was 1:3000 for NAIS, 1:7900 for arterial presumed perinatal ischemic stroke, 1:6000 for periventricular venous infarction, 1:9100 for cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, 1:6800 for NHS, and 1:65000 for presumed perinatal hemorrhagic stroke. The apparent birth prevalence of NAIS and NHS increased over time. There were more males affected than females. The age at diagnosis decreased for late-presenting stroke types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated birth prevalence of term perinatal stroke is higher than previous estimates, which may be explained by population-based sampling of disease-specific states. This emphasizes the need for further studies to better understand the disease-specific pathophysiology to improve treatment and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-013201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T12:25:12Z","timestamp":1603887912000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Population Based Birth Prevalence of Disease-Specific Perinatal Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Community Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"},{"name":"Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Mineyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"},{"name":"Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience,"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Community Health Sciences,"},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience,"},{"name":"Radiology, and"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and"},{"name":"Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquie","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"},{"name":"Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Floer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"},{"name":"Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kirton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics,"},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience,"},{"name":"Radiology, and"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021121012552341500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0336","article-title":"Ischemic perinatal stroke: summary of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","volume":"120","author":"Raju","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121012552341500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12080","article-title":"An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Oskoui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121012552341500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.000739","article-title":"Life after perinatal stroke","volume":"44","author":"Kirton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121012552341500_B4","first-page":"CD012409","article-title":"Neonatal interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews","volume":"6","author":"Shepherd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121012552341500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0397-5","article-title":"Predictors of caregiver depression and family functioning after perinatal stroke","volume":"15","author":"Bemister","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121012552341500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30173-1","article-title":"Perinatal stroke: mechanisms, management, and outcomes of early cerebrovascular brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021121012552341500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21334","article-title":"Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke: vascular classification predicts outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Kirton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121012552341500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00679-9","article-title":"Stroke in newborn infants","volume":"3","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121012552341500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.483743","article-title":"Acutely and retrospectively diagnosed perinatal stroke: a population-based study","volume":"38","author":"Laugesaar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121012552341500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.10.003","article-title":"New insights (and new interrogations) in perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"127","author":"Chabrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B11","author":"Amlie-Lefond"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121012552341500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23916","article-title":"Acute seizures predict epilepsy after childhood stroke","volume":"74","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021121012552341500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811408089","article-title":"The vascular effects of infection in Pediatric Stroke (VIPS) Study","volume":"26","author":"Fullerton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121012552341500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.4151","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes associated with neonatal hemorrhagic stroke: a population-based case-control study","volume":"171","author":"Cole","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B15","volume-title":"MONICA Manual. Part IV: Event Registration. Section 3: Event Registration Quality Assurance Methods [Internet].","author":"WHO MONICA Project","year":"1990"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2021121012552341500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.64","article-title":"Neonatal hemorrhagic stroke: population-based epidemology","volume":"42","author":"Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121012552341500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973679","article-title":"Infarcts in the vascular distribution of the middle cerebral artery in preterm and fullterm infants","volume":"28","author":"de Vries","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B18","author":"Alberta Government","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B19","author":"Statistics Canada"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B20","author":"Statistics Canada"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021121012552341500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf152","article-title":"Comparison of active and passive surveillance for cerebrovascular disease: the brain attack surveillance in corpus christi (BASIC) Project","volume":"156","author":"Piriyawat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021121012552341500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d5a47a","article-title":"Teaching neuroimages: confirmation of prenatal periventricular venous infarction with susceptibility-weighted MRI","volume":"74","author":"Kirton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121012552341500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1520","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of symptomatic neonatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"135","author":"Grunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121012552341500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815609149","article-title":"Presumed perinatal stroke: risk factors, clinical and radiological findings","volume":"31","author":"Ilves","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021121012552341500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.583542","article-title":"Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis from symptom to outcome","volume":"41","author":"Berfelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021121012552341500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108093450604","article-title":"Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children","volume":"345","author":"deVeber","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121012552341500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1078","article-title":"Presumed pre- or perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: risk factors and outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Golomb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021121012552341500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F88","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.2.F88","article-title":"Unilateral neonatal cerebral infarction in full term infants","volume":"76","author":"Estan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021121012552341500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.05.004","article-title":"Obstetrical and neonatal characteristics vary with birthweight in a cohort of 100 term newborns with symptomatic arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Chabrier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.02.064","article-title":"Risk factors for neonatal arterial ischemic stroke: the importance of the intrapartum period","volume":"173","author":"Martinez-Biarge","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.09.005","article-title":"Stroke in pediatric bacterial meningitis: population-based epidemiology","volume":"89","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B32","first-page":"QC22","volume-title":"J Clin Diagn Res","author":"Antonakou","year":"2016"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121012552341500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01238.x","article-title":"Sex-differences in Apgar scores for full-term neonates","volume":"98","author":"Nagy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.09.081","article-title":"Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction in very preterm infants: characteristic sonographic findings and association with neurodevelopmental outcome at age 2 Years","volume":"217","author":"Cizmeci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2021121012552341500_B35","first-page":"851","volume-title":"Neurology","author":"Ashwal","year":"2004"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021121012552341500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14034","article-title":"Age at referral for diagnosis and rehabilitation services for cerebral palsy: a scoping review","volume":"61","author":"Boychuck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121012552341500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14252","article-title":"International expert recommendations of clinical features to prompt referral for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy","volume":"62","author":"Boychuck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021121012552341500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-182","article-title":"Parent and family impact of raising a child with perinatal stroke","volume":"14","author":"Bemister","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121012552341500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.002","article-title":"Preterm arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Benders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021121012552341500_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.07.003","article-title":"Perinatal arterial stroke in the preterm infant","volume":"32","author":"Benders","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2020-013201\/1081006\/peds_2020013201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2020-013201\/1081006\/peds_2020013201.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T19:39:51Z","timestamp":1696966791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/146\/5\/e2020013201\/75339\/Population-Based-Birth-Prevalence-of-Disease"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-013201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"article-number":"e2020013201"}}