{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T19:55:09Z","timestamp":1782330909103,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin D is essential for healthy development of bones, but little is known about the effects of supplementation in young stunted children. Our objective was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of rickets and linear growth among Afghan children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 3046 children ages 1 to 11 months from inner-city Kabul were randomly assigned to receive oral vitamin D3 (100\u2009000 IU) or placebo every 3 months for 18 months. Rickets Severity Score was calculated by using wrist and knee radiographs for 631 randomly selected infants at 18 months, and rickets was defined as a score &amp;gt;1.5. Weight and length were measured at baseline and 18 months by using standard techniques, and z scores were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (seasonally corrected) and dietary calcium intake were insufficient at 37 (35\u201339) nmol\/L and 372 (327\u2013418) mg\/day, respectively. Prevalence of rickets was 5.5% (placebo) and 5.3% (vitamin D): odds ratio 0.96 (95% CI: 0.48 to 1.92); P = .9. The mean difference in height-for-age z score was 0.05 (95% CI: \u22120.05 to 0.15), P = .3, although the effect of vitamin D was greater for those consuming &amp;gt;300 mg\/day of dietary calcium (0.14 [95% CI: 0 to 0.29]; P = .05). There were no between-group differences in weight-for-age or weight-for-height z scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Except in those with higher calcium intake, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on rickets or growth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T18:12:40Z","timestamp":1608747160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Vitamin D for Growth and Rickets in Stunted Children: A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Francesca L.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Contributed equally as co-first authors"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Zulf","family":"Mughal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children\u2019s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Contributed equally as co-first authors"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zabihullah","family":"Maroof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Aga Khan Health Service, Kabul, Afghanistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Kaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children\u2019s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sravya","family":"Abburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gijs","family":"Walraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan Development Network, Geneva, Switzerland; 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