{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:28:11Z","timestamp":1792124891081,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recommendations for parenteral antibiotic therapy duration in bacterial meningitis in young infants are based predominantly on expert consensus. Prolonged durations are generally provided for proven and suspected meningitis and are associated with considerable costs and risks. The objective of the study was to review the literature on the duration of parenteral antibiotic therapy and outcomes of bacterial meningitis in infants &amp;lt;3 months old.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications until May 31, 2021. Eligible studies were published in English and included infants &amp;lt;3 months old with bacterial meningitis for which the route and duration of antibiotic therapy and data on at least 1 outcome (relapse rates, mortality, adverse events, duration of hospitalization, or neurologic sequelae) were reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-two studies were included: 1 randomized controlled trial, 25 cohort studies, and 6 case series. The randomized controlled trial found no difference in treatment failure rates between 10 and 14 days of therapy. One cohort study concluded that antibiotic courses &amp;gt;21 days were not associated with improved outcomes as compared with shorter courses. The remaining studies had small sample sizes and\/or did not stratify outcomes by therapy duration. Meta-analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the treatments and reported outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rigorous, prospective clinical trial data are lacking to determine the optimal parenteral antibiotic duration in bacterial meningitis in young infants. Given the associated costs and risks, there is a pressing need for high-quality comparative effectiveness research to further study this question.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T03:01:57Z","timestamp":1664938917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis in Young Infants: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Ma\u00eft\u00e9","family":"Van Hentenryck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine"},{"name":"eLucile Packard Children\u2019s Hospital Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J.","family":"McCulloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Children\u2019s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Stave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cLane Medical Library, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie E.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2023110816585989600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005384","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998\u20132007","volume":"364","author":"Thigpen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023110816585989600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1099","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1774","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis since introduction of conjugate vaccines: 3 decades of national meningitis surveillance in the Netherlands","volume":"73","author":"Koelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023110816585989600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102001000300006","article-title":"Epidemiology of bacterial meningitis among children in Brazil, 1997-1998","volume":"35","author":"Weiss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023110816585989600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/146642409311300203","article-title":"High perinatal and neonatal mortality in rural India","volume":"113","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"1993","journal-title":"J R Soc Health"},{"key":"2023110816585989600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12910.x","article-title":"Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan: IX. 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