{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:40:15Z","timestamp":1790354415671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title\/><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>High-risk infant follow-up programs (HRIFs) are a recommended standard of care for all extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants to help mitigate known risks to long-term health and development. However, participation is variable, with known racial and ethnic inequities, though hospital-level drivers of inequity remain unknown. We conducted a study using a large, multicenter cohort of ELBW infants to explore within- and between-hospital inequities in HRIF participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vermont Oxford Network collected data on 19\u2009503 ELBW infants born between 2006 and 2017 at 58 US hospitals participating in the ELBW Follow-up Project. Primary outcome was evaluation in HRIF at 18 to 24 months\u2019 corrected age. The primary predictor was infant race and ethnicity, defined as maternal race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American, other). We used generalized linear mixed models to test within- and between-hospital variation and inequities in HRIF participation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 19\u2009503 infants, 44.7% (interquartile range 31.1\u201363.3) were seen in HRIF. Twenty six percent of the total variation in HRIF participation rates was due to between-hospital variation. In adjusted models, Black infants had significantly lower odds of HRIF participation compared with white infants (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.64\u20130.83). The within-hospital effect of race varied significantly between hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are significant racial inequities in HRIF participation, with notable variation within and between hospitals. Further study is needed to identify potential hospital-level targets for interventions to reduce this inequity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T08:18:44Z","timestamp":1672733924000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Racial Inequity in High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Yarden S.","family":"Fraiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"b Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"c Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dVermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont"},{"name":"eDepartment of Pediatrics, The Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine, University of Vermont and University of Vermont Children\u2019s Hospital, Burlington, Vermont"},{"name":"fDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Engineering and Mathematical Studies, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Horbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dVermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont"},{"name":"eDepartment of Pediatrics, The Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine, University of Vermont and University of Vermont Children\u2019s Hospital, Burlington, Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eDepartment of Pediatrics, The Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine, University of Vermont and University of Vermont Children\u2019s Hospital, Burlington, Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger F.","family":"Soll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dVermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont"},{"name":"eDepartment of Pediatrics, The Robert Larner, MD, College of Medicine, University of Vermont and University of Vermont Children\u2019s Hospital, Burlington, Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Litt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"b Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"c Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"gHarvard T.H. 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