{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:10:58Z","timestamp":1794003058116,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"Supplement 2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previously, in 30 Bangladeshi villages, 2 groups of children with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and nonanemic (NA) iron sufficiency aged 6 to 24 months participated in 2 parallel cluster randomized controlled trials of the effect of psychosocial stimulation on neurodevelopment. The intervention was composed of weekly play sessions at home for 9 months. All children with anemia received iron treatment of 6 months. The intervention improved the mental development of NA but not IDA groups. Six years after end line when the children were aged 8 to 9 years, we aimed to determine if benefits were sustained in the NA group or late-onset benefits emerged in the IDA group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We relocated 372 (90%) of the initial 412 children from all the clusters (villages), and assessed their IQ with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-II, motor development, and school achievement including math, spelling, and reading. Analyses were by intention-to-treat, adjusting for clustering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant interaction between anemia groups (IDA\/NA) and intervention on IQ. The intervention benefitted the NA group\u2019s Full-Scale IQ (effect size, 0.43 [95% confidence interval, 0.08\u20130.79]) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (effect size, 0.48 [95% confidence interval, 0.08\u20130.89]) but did not affect the IDA group\u2019s outcomes. No other outcomes were significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The benefits from early childhood psychosocial stimulation on the NA group\u2019s IQ, 6 years after intervention ended, adds to the limited evidence on the sustainability of benefits in low- and middle-income countries. Reasons for lack of effect in children with anemia are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-060221e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T08:45:38Z","timestamp":1682930738000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Six-Year Follow-up of Childhood Stimulation on Development of Children With and Without Anemia"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Sheikh Jamal","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aMaternal and Child Health Division"},{"name":"cDepartment of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahmida","family":"Tofail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bNutrition and Clinical Science Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Fardina","family":"Mehrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aMaternal and Child Health Division"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jena D.","family":"Hamadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aMaternal and Child Health Division"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2023050112453214200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009441","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009441","article-title":"Effect of iron supplementation on psychomotor development of nonanemic, exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Chmielewska","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023050112453214200_B2","volume-title":"Worldwide Prevalence of Anemia 1993\u20132005; WHO Global Database Of Anemia","author":"De 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