{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:01:36Z","timestamp":1783011696322,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breastfeeding practices may protect against offspring obesity, but this relationship is understudied among women with obesity. We describe the associations between breastfeeding practices and child BMI for age z-score (BMIz), stratified by maternal BMI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed 8134 dyads from 21 cohorts in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Program. Dyads with data for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, infant feeding practices, and \u22651 child BMI assessment between the ages of 2 and 6 years were included. The associations between breastfeeding practices and continuous child BMIz were assessed by using multivariable linear mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI category prevalence was underweight: 2.5%, healthy weight: 45.8%, overweight: 26.0%, and obese: 25.6%. Median child ages at the cessation of any breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding across the 4 BMI categories were 19, 26, 24, and 17 weeks and 12, 20, 17, and 12 weeks, respectively. Results were in the hypothesized directions for BMI categories. Three months of any breastfeeding was associated with a lower BMIz among children whose mothers were a healthy weight (\u22120.02 [\u22120.04 to 0.001], P = .06), overweight (\u22120.04 [\u22120.07 to \u22120.004], P = .03), or obese (\u22120.04 [\u22120.07 to \u22120.006], P = .02). Three months of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a lower BMIz among children whose mothers were a healthy weight (\u22120.06 [\u22120.10 to \u22120.02], P = .002), overweight (\u22120.05 [\u22120.10 to 0.005], P = .07), or obese (\u22120.08 [\u22120.12 to \u22120.03], P = .001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human milk exposure, regardless of maternal BMI category, was associated with a lower child BMIz in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes cohorts, supporting breastfeeding recommendations as a potential strategy for decreasing the risk of offspring obesity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-061466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T08:13:55Z","timestamp":1702973635000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI, Breastfeeding, and Child BMI"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Gayle M.","family":"Shipp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aCharles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Pediatric Public Health Initiative, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adaeze C.","family":"Wosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Sauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cLifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dLifecourse Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cLifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eKaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assiamira","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eKaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"fDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Deoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"gAdvanced Baby Imaging Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Discovery & Tools, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"hDepartments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Porucznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"iDepartment of Family and Preventive Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izzuddin M.","family":"Aris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"jDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"kDepartment of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheela","family":"Sathyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"lDepartment of Pediatrics and Adjunct Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington and Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom G.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"mDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kecia N.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nDepartment of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind J.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nDepartment of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine W.","family":"Hockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"oAvera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota"},{"name":"pDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"qDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Meeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"rDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"sAffiliation for Jos\u00e9 Cordero; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Paneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"uPediatrics and Human Development"},{"name":"tDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Comstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"vFood Science and Human Nutrition. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Kerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"uPediatrics and Human Development"},{"name":"tDepartments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024010102553603000_B1","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among children and adolescents aged 2\u201319 years: United States, 1963\u20131965 through 2015\u20132016","author":"Fryar"},{"key":"2024010102553603000_B2","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and 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