{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:23:04Z","timestamp":1793013784209,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza antivirals improve outcomes in children with duration of symptoms &amp;lt;2 days and those at high risk for influenza complications. Real-world prescribing of influenza antivirals in the pediatric population is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study of outpatient and emergency department prescription claims in individuals &amp;lt;18 years of age included in the IBM Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2019. Influenza antiviral use was defined as any dispensing of oseltamivir, baloxavir, or zanamivir. The primary outcome was the rate of antiviral dispensing per 1000 enrolled children. Secondary outcomes included antiviral dispensing per 1000 influenza diagnoses and inflation-adjusted costs of antiviral agents. Outcomes were calculated and stratified by age, acute versus prophylactic treatment, influenza season, and geographic region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis included 1\u2009416\u2009764 unique antiviral dispensings between 2010 and 2019. Oseltamivir was the most frequently prescribed antiviral (99.8%). Dispensing rates ranged from 4.4 to 48.6 per 1000 enrolled children. Treatment rates were highest among older children (12\u201317 years of age), during the 2017 to 2018 influenza season, and in the East South Central region. Guideline-concordant antiviral use among young children (&amp;lt;2 years of age) at a high risk of influenza complications was low (&amp;lt;40%). The inflation-adjusted cost for prescriptions was $208\u2009458\u2009979, and the median cost ranged from $111 to $151.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is wide variability and underuse associated with influenza antiviral use in children. These findings reveal opportunities for improvement in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-061960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1699845616000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Trends in Outpatient Influenza Antiviral Use Among Children and Adolescents in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"James W.","family":"Antoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotirmoy","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Wen","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of aPediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, 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