{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:05:11Z","timestamp":1781175911808,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health care disparities are pervasive, but little is known about disparities in pediatric safety. We analyzed a national sample of hospitalizations to identify disparities in safety events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this population-based, retrospective cohort study of the 2019 Kids\u2019 Inpatient Database, independent variables were race, ethnicity, and payer. Outcomes were Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality pediatric safety indicators (PDIs). Risk-adjusted odds ratios were calculated using white and private payer reference groups. Differences by payer were evaluated by stratifying race and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Race and ethnicity of the 5\u2009243\u2009750 discharged patients were white, 46%; Hispanic, 19%; Black, 15%; missing, 8%; other race\/multiracial, 7%, Asian American\/Pacific Islander, 5%; and Native American, 1%. PDI rates (per 10\u2009000 discharges) were 331.4 for neonatal blood stream infection, 267.5 for postoperative respiratory failure, 114.9 for postoperative sepsis, 29.5 for postoperative hemorrhage\/hematoma, 5.6 for central-line blood stream infection, 3.5 for accidental puncture\/laceration, and 0.7 for iatrogenic pneumothorax. Compared with white patients, Black and Hispanic patients had significantly greater odds in 5 of 7 PDIs; the largest disparities occurred in postoperative sepsis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55 [1.38\u20131.73]) for Black patients and postoperative respiratory failure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.34 [1.21\u20131.49]) for Hispanic patients. Compared with privately insured patients, Medicaid-covered patients had significantly greater odds in 4 of 7 PDIs; the largest disparity occurred in postoperative sepsis (adjusted odds ratios, 1.45 [1.33\u20131.59]). Stratified analyses demonstrated persistent disparities by race and ethnicity, even among privately insured children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disparities in safety events were identified for Black and Hispanic children, indicating a need for targeted interventions to improve patient safety in the hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-063714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T08:17:14Z","timestamp":1707725834000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Disparities in Racial, Ethnic, and Payer Groups for Pediatric Safety Events in US Hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Kavita","family":"Parikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aChildren\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"},{"name":"bGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cChildren\u2019s Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Tieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dSeattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrina","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aChildren\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"},{"name":"bGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maranda C.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela S.","family":"Hinds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aChildren\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"},{"name":"bGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika K.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aChildren\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia"},{"name":"bGeorge Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn J.","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eBoston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"fDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Holtz Children\u2019s Hospital, Jackson Health System, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunitha V.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"gUniversity of California, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"hPhilip R. 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