{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:15:16Z","timestamp":1787022916372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children perinatally exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) should be screened for infection, yet testing rates are low. Clinical perinatal HCV testing recommendations vary and may contribute to poor completion. This study examines pediatric care factors associated with perinatal HCV testing completion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of people living with HCV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who delivered a live birth in 2016 to 2020 and their children were followed by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. The association of completion of HCV screening with pregnant\/postpartum person demographics, pediatric care factors, and testing policy were retrospectively explored. \u03c72 and multivariable logistic regressions were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCV-positive pregnant people gave birth to 457 children of whom 307 (67.2%) were tested for HCV according to recommendations and 79 (17.2%) were inadequately tested. Children were more likely to be tested if born to a pregnant person with HIV coinfection (P = .007), if they were always on schedule for vaccinations (P &amp;lt; .001), and if they attended the 18-month well visit (P &amp;lt; .001). Completion rates varied significantly by pediatrician's testing policy: 90.9% tested if the policy was for 2 months, 79.6% if 2 to 12 months, 61.9% if 12 months, and 58.5% if 18 months of age (P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Timing of perinatal HCV testing policies was significantly associated with testing completion rates. Testing at 2 months was associated with far better HCV testing completion than other strategies, regardless of birthing person and pediatrician factors. These findings suggest routine HCV testing of children perinatally exposed to HCV is best achieved in the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-064745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:05:32Z","timestamp":1718251532000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Factors Associated With Perinatal Hepatitis C Screening Among Exposed Children: 2016\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Danica E.","family":"Kuncio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aPhiladelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Waterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aPhiladelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.Z. Ginny","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bPhiladelphia Department of Public Health Affiliated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bPhiladelphia Department of Public Health Affiliated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2024070102523139600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27978","article-title":"Toward a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of hepatitis C in the United States","volume":"62","author":"Edlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"28","key":"2024070102523139600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6528a2","article-title":"Increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection in women of childbearing age and potential risk for vertical transmission\u2013United States and Kentucky, 2011\u20132014","volume":"65","author":"Koneru","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024070102523139600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005119","article-title":"Deliveries among patients with maternal hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 2000\u20132019","volume":"141","author":"Arditi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024070102523139600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2324770","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.24770","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of hepatitis C infection during pregnancy and maternal\u2013infant outcomes in the US, 1998 to 2018","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024070102523139600_B5","article-title":"Trends and characteristics in maternal hepatitis C virus infection rates during pregnancy: United States, 2016\u20132021","volume":"72","author":"Ely","year":"2023","journal-title":"NVSR"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024070102523139600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003644","article-title":"Reported prevalence of maternal hepatitis C virus infection in the United States","volume":"135","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024070102523139600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00004","article-title":"The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002","volume":"144","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B8","article-title":"Routine hepatitis C virus screening in pregnant individuals","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024070102523139600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6902a1","article-title":"CDC recommendations for hepatitis C screening among adults\u2013United States, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Schillie","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B10","article-title":"Recommendation for universal hepatitis C screening in pregnancy","author":"American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024070102523139600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1123","article-title":"Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"323","author":"Owens","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024070102523139600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu447","article-title":"Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Benova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024070102523139600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7204a1","article-title":"CDC recommendations for hepatitis C testing among perinatally exposed infants and children\u2013United States, 2023","volume":"72","author":"Panagiotakopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024070102523139600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw026","article-title":"Failure to test and identify perinatally infected children born to hepatitis C virus-infected women","volume":"62","author":"Kuncio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024070102523139600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20173273","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3273","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus screening among children exposed during pregnancy","volume":"141","author":"Chappell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024070102523139600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20192482","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2482","article-title":"Hepatitis C testing among perinatally exposed infants","volume":"145","author":"Lopata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024070102523139600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-190264","article-title":"Maternal risk factors associated with inadequate testing and loss to follow-up in infants with perinatal hepatitis C virus exposure","volume":"14","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neonatal Perinatal Med"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B18","article-title":"HCV in children","author":"American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B19","article-title":"Hepatitis C questions and answers for health professionals","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/9781610025225","volume-title":"Red Book: 2021\u20132024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"Kimberlin","year":"2021","edition":"32nd ed"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024070102523139600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318258328d","article-title":"NASPGHAN practice guidelines: diagnosis and management of hepatitis C infection in infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"54","author":"Mack","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024070102523139600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3340","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa949","article-title":"Nucleic acid testing for diagnosis of perinatally acquired hepatitis C virus infection in early infancy","volume":"73","author":"Gowda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B23","article-title":"Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United Sates, 2024","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2024070102523139600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000663008.48812.2c","article-title":"Prenatal hepatitis C screening in Kentucky: does a change in the law change clinical practice?","volume":"135","author":"Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024070102523139600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004822","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus testing during pregnancy after universal screening recommendations","volume":"140","author":"Kaufman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024070102523139600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02556.x","article-title":"Maternal hepatitis B and hepatitis C carrier status and perinatal outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Connell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024070102523139600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2010.02218.x","article-title":"Maternal hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus carrier status as an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"30","author":"Safir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Liver Int"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2023-064745\/1671808\/peds.2023-064745.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2023-064745\/1671808\/peds.2023-064745.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T22:53:03Z","timestamp":1719787983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/154\/1\/e2023064745\/197492\/Factors-Associated-With-Perinatal-Hepatitis-C"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2023-064745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"article-number":"e2023064745"}}