{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:57:52Z","timestamp":1793239072428,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children and adolescents with Down syndrome receive anticipatory guidance regarding development and behavior. However, few tools provide specific guidance on developmental norms for children with Down syndrome. Our objective was to estimate age ranges at which children and adolescents with Down syndrome achieve developmental milestones to facilitate developmental screening by pediatric practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used standardized questionnaires to obtain information from clinicians and caregivers of children with Down syndrome who received care at the Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Down Syndrome Program between March 2018 and March 2023. Data included information from 2599 visits for 842 individuals with Down syndrome ages 2 months to 24 years. We used mixed-effects logistic regressions to predict the probability of achieving 25 specific developmental milestones with 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90% probability as a function of age. We further stratified results by individuals\u2019 sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present age norms for our study\u2019s population of people with Down syndrome for key milestones in academic, adaptive, language, and motor domains by calculating the ages at which milestone achievement was 75% probable. We then compare these norms to published norms for the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study provides clinicians and families with age-based norms for achievement of key developmental milestones for children and adolescents with Down syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-065402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T08:05:56Z","timestamp":1726473956000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Developmental Milestones for Children With Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Baumer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics"},{"name":"bDepartment of Neurology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"cHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"DePillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDivision of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Neurology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"cHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maitreyi","family":"Mazumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Neurology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"cHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"dDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024100102515800700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70112-5","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and associated neurological complications in individuals with Down\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Lott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024100102515800700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022057010","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057010","article-title":"Health supervision for children and adolescents with down syndrome","volume":"149","author":"Bull","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024100102515800700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31439","article-title":"Down syndrome: cognitive and behavioral functioning across the lifespan","volume":"169","author":"Grieco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024100102515800700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.1.91","article-title":"The Denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test","volume":"89","author":"Frankenburg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100102515800700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021052138","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-052138","article-title":"Evidence-informed milestones for developmental surveillance tools","volume":"149","author":"Zubler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024100102515800700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706537","article-title":"Down Syndrome","volume":"382","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024100102515800700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/17446295221133874","article-title":"Development and implementation of a longitudinal clinical database for down syndrome in a large pediatric specialty clinic: methodology and feasibility","volume":"28","author":"Baumer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"2024100102515800700_B8","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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