{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:40:53Z","timestamp":1791819653817,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"Supplement 1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONTEXT<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sepsis is a leading cause of young infant mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of different antibiotic regimens to treat young infant sepsis or possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) on clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, World Health Organization Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Central Registry of Trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of young infants 0 to 59 days with sepsis or PBSI (population) comparing the efficacy of antibiotic regimens (intervention) with alternate regimens or management (control) on clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted data and assessed risk of bias in duplicate. We performed random-effects meta-analysis, and used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to assess certainty of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2390 publications, we included 41 RCTs (n = 18 054). Thirty-five trials were hospital-based and 6 were nonhospital-based. Meta-analysis of 4 trials demonstrated similar rates of treatment success with intramuscular\/intravenous third generation cephalosporins versus intramuscular\/intravenous penicillin or ampicillin + gentamicin (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93\u20131.13]; n = 1083; moderate certainty of evidence). Meta-analysis of 3 trials demonstrated similar rates of treatment failure with oral amoxicillin + intramuscular gentamicin versus intramuscular penicillin + gentamicin for nonhospital treatment of clinical severe illness (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72\u20131.02]; n = 5054; low certainty of evidence). Other studies were heterogeneous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RCTs evaluated heterogeneous regimens, limiting our ability to pool data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found limited evidence to support any single antibiotic regimen as superior to alternate regimens to treat young infant sepsis or PSBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-066588f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T08:18:38Z","timestamp":1722500318000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Antibiotic Regimens for Sepsis or Possible Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Infants Aged 0 to 59 Days: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Krysten","family":"North","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"bHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitarah","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"cDepartment of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Schmeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"dHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Kehoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lian V.","family":"Folger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Hoey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eBryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"fCountway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Driker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"gDepartments of Medicine and Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Edmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"hWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne CC","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"bHarvard Medical School, Boston, 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