{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:51:25Z","timestamp":1785783085427,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONTEXT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevention of urinary tract infection recurrence (UTI) in children has been a challenge yet to be solved. Current practice in children with recurrent UTI (RUTI) suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent further episodes of UTI and future complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing prophylaxis options for the prevention of UTI and kidney scarring in children with a history of RUTI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature search through major electronic databases (PubMed\/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Library) up to November 26th, 2023. Mean difference and SD were used for continuous outcomes and odds ratio for dichotomous outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our meta-analysis included 3335 participants from 23 studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary outcome was the effect of the different prophylaxis options on the incidence of symptomatic UTI in children with RUTI during prophylactic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cranberry products and nitrofurantoin lead to lower odds of symptomatic UTI episodes during prophylaxis compared with the control group and control, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or trimethoprim groups accordingly. Nitrofurantoin may be the best option for UTI incidence reduction compared with all available documented interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No prophylaxis option has been shown to reduce kidney scarring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nitrofurantoin and cranberry products may decrease the incidence of symptomatic UTI episodes in pediatric patients with a history of RUTI. Future randomized control trials studying nonantibiotic prophylaxis options focusing on children with UTI recurrence and the risk for kidney scarring are needed to draw further conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-066758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T08:06:17Z","timestamp":1730707577000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prophylaxis Options in Children With a History of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Gkiourtzis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a4th Department of Pediatrics, \u201cG.Papageorgiou\u201d General Hospital School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Stoimeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a4th Department of Pediatrics, \u201cG.Papageorgiou\u201d General Hospital School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agni","family":"Glava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a4th Department of Pediatrics, \u201cG.Papageorgiou\u201d General Hospital School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Chantavaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a4th Department of Pediatrics, \u201cG.Papageorgiou\u201d General Hospital School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Michou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bDepartment of Pediatrics, \u201cG. Gennimatas\u201d General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Cheirakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a4th Department of Pediatrics, \u201cG.Papageorgiou\u201d General Hospital School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander D.","family":"Lalayiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally A.","family":"Hulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cDepartment of Pediatric Nephrology, Birmingham Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Tramma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"a4th Department of Pediatrics, \u201cG.Papageorgiou\u201d General Hospital School of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2024121614362435900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05042-7","article-title":"Risk factors for kidney scarring and vesicoureteral reflux in 421 children after their first acute pyelonephritis, and appraisal of international guidelines","volume":"36","author":"Breinbjerg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121614362435900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.01.037","article-title":"Update of the EAU\/ESPU guidelines on urinary tract infections in children","volume":"17","author":"\u2018t Hoen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121614362435900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020012138","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-012138","article-title":"Contemporary management of urinary tract infection in children","volume":"147","author":"Mattoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121614362435900_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0685","article-title":"Risk of renal scarring in children with a first urinary tract infection: a systematic review","volume":"126","author":"Shaikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024121614362435900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.637","article-title":"Identification of children and adolescents at risk for renal scarring after a first urinary tract infection: a meta-analysis with individual patient data","volume":"168","author":"Shaikh","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024121614362435900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.2504","article-title":"Association of renal scarring with number of febrile urinary tract infections in children","volume":"173","author":"Shaikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"18","key":"2024121614362435900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902295","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis and recurrent urinary tract infection in children","volume":"361","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"2024121614362435900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401811","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for children with vesicoureteral reflux","volume":"370","author":"Hoberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.11.007","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in children: EAU\/ESPU guidelines","volume":"67","author":"Stein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B10","first-page":"CD001534","article-title":"Long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121614362435900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16","article-title":"Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions","volume":"7","author":"Schardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082","article-title":"CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1080","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1080","article-title":"CINeMA: software for semiautomated assessment of the confidence in the results of network meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Papakonstantinou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019013","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019013","article-title":"Network meta-analysis: application and practice using R software","volume":"41","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121614362435900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0060-8","article-title":"Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods","volume":"15","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"7109","key":"2024121614362435900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024121614362435900_B21","first-page":"ED000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","volume":"10","author":"Cumpston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.140","article-title":"Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues","volume":"31","author":"Elbourne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2004.16.1.77","article-title":"Comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cephadroxil and cefprozil as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in children","volume":"16","author":"Belet","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.055","article-title":"The Swedish Reflux Trial in Children: I. study design and study population characteristics","volume":"184","author":"Brandstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.059","article-title":"The Swedish Reflux Trial in Children: II. vesicoureteral reflux outcome","volume":"184","author":"Holmdahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.061","article-title":"The Swedish Reflux Trial in Children: III. urinary tract infection pattern","volume":"184","author":"Brandstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.060","article-title":"The Swedish Reflux Trial in Children: IV. renal damage","volume":"184","author":"Brandstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121614362435900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11414.x","article-title":"Nitrofurantoin versus trimethoprim prophylaxis in recurrent urinary tract infection in children. A randomized, double-blind study","volume":"79","author":"Brendstrup","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121614362435900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2007.179.182","article-title":"Comparison of nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for long-term prophylaxis in children with recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"3","author":"Falakaflak","year":"2007","journal-title":"International J of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2943-z","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of vesicoureteric reflux: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Hari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121614362435900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.07.108","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in children with spina bifida on intermittent catheterization","volume":"186","author":"Zegers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5975","key":"2024121614362435900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5975.65","article-title":"Duration of treatment of urinary tract infections in children","volume":"3","author":"Stansfeld","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"8082","key":"2024121614362435900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91919-0","article-title":"Controlled trial of prophylactic treatment in childhood urinary-tract infection","volume":"2","author":"Smellie","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.59.4.562","article-title":"Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in girls","volume":"59","author":"Lohr","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B35","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Cranberry standardized capsules may prevent recurrences of urinary tract infections in children","volume-title":"Clinics in Pediatrics","author":"Dotis","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121614362435900_B36","first-page":"389","article-title":"Highly standardized cranberry extract supplementation (Anthocran\u00ae) as prophylaxis in young healthy subjects with recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"21","author":"Ledda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir801","article-title":"Cranberry juice for the prevention of recurrences of urinary tract infections in children: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Salo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Part A","key":"2024121614362435900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.08.009","article-title":"Phenolic acid content and antiadherence activity in the urine of patients treated with cranberry syrup (Vaccinium macrocarpon) versus trimethoprim for recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"18","author":"Uberos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Functional Foods"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJCT.S31734","article-title":"Cranberry syrup versus trimethoprim in the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections among children: a controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Uberos","year":"2012","journal-title":"OAJCT"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121614362435900_B40","first-page":"20","article-title":"Cranberries for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in uncircumcised boys","volume":"22","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.13292","article-title":"Cranberry-lingonberry juice affects the gut and urinary microbiome in children - a randomized controlled trial","volume":"131","author":"Hakkola","year":"2023","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024121614362435900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3109\/00365590902936698","article-title":"Cranberry juice for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections: a randomized controlled trial in children","volume":"43","author":"Ferrara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.02.031","article-title":"Cranberry juice for the prevention of pediatric urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"188","author":"Afshar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B44","first-page":"430","article-title":"Combination of probiotics and antibiotics in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in children","volume":"23","author":"Mohseni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2988-z","article-title":"Probiotics prophylaxis in infants with primary vesicoureteral reflux","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_149_18","article-title":"Is vitamin D supplementation effective in prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in the pediatrics? A randomized triple-masked controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Merrikhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02370.x","article-title":"Adjuvant effect of vitamin A on recurrent lower urinary tract infections","volume":"49","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B48","first-page":"59","article-title":"[Long-term cefadroxil prophylaxis in children with recurrent urinary tract infections]","volume":"39 Suppl 1","author":"Baciulis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B49","unstructured":"Liern\u2008M, Maldonado\u2008L, Jord\u00e1n\u2008P, Ballejo\u2008G. Infecciones urinarias recurrentes. Factores predisponentes y profilaxis antibi\u00f3tica. Available at: https:\/\/www.revistarenal.org.ar\/index.php\/rndt\/article\/view\/240. Accessed December 16, 2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B50","first-page":"CD001321","article-title":"Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections","volume":"4","author":"Williams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121614362435900_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04091-2","article-title":"Non-antibiotic interventions for prevention of urinary tract infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"180","author":"Meena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024121614362435900_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv23","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab352","article-title":"Current and future perspectives in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections","volume":"76","author":"Bassetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121614362435900_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-018-0106-x","article-title":"Nonantibiotic prevention and management of recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"15","author":"Sihra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.08.112","article-title":"Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"193","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121614362435900_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12061040","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of urinary tract infections in children: guideline and recommendations from the emilia-romagna pediatric urinary tract infections (UTI-Ped-ER) study group","volume":"12","author":"Autore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121614362435900_B56","first-page":"CD001321","article-title":"Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections","author":"Jepson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121614362435900_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2017.08.018","article-title":"The efficacy of probiotics in prevention of urinary tract infection in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hosseini","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121614362435900_B58","first-page":"CD008772","article-title":"Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infections in adults and children","volume":"2015","author":"Schwenger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024121614362435900_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0256992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256992","article-title":"Consumption of cranberry as adjuvant therapy for urinary tract infections in susceptible populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121614362435900_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70087-9","article-title":"Effect of cranberry juice on bacteriuria in children with neurogenic bladder receiving intermittent catheterization","volume":"135","author":"Schlager","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024121614362435900_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0507-1","article-title":"Probiotics prophylaxis in children with persistent primary vesicoureteral reflux","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/4.4.355","article-title":"Methenamine hippurate in urinary tract infections in children: prophylaxis, treatment and side effects","volume":"4","author":"Elo","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121614362435900_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2420","article-title":"Early supplementation of prebiotic oligosaccharides protects formula-fed infants against infections during the first 6 months of life","volume":"137","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121614362435900_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4187-9","article-title":"The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteric reflux and pyelonephritis","volume":"35","author":"Murugapoopathy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121614362435900_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/16.4.509","article-title":"Comparison of long-term, low-dose pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin in the control of recurrent urinary tract infection in children: An open, randomized, cross-over study","volume":"16","author":"Carlsen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121614362435900_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-05922-0","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in pediatric kidney scar prevention after urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"38","author":"Gkiourtzis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2024-066758\/1750291\/peds.2024-066758.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2024-066758\/1750291\/peds.2024-066758.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T14:37:24Z","timestamp":1734359844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/154\/6\/e2024066758\/199819\/Prophylaxis-Options-in-Children-With-a-History-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2024-066758","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-4005","1098-4275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-4005","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-4275","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"article-number":"e2024066758"}}