{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:10:02Z","timestamp":1792725002659,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n One hypothesis for the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surge in 2022 was suppression of immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our objective was to compare the risk of subsequent RSV and other infections among children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from 27 US health systems analyzing children aged under 5\u00a0years with SARS-CoV-2 infection (test\/coded) between March and July 2022. The comparison groups were children with (a)\u00a0influenza infection and (b)\u00a0respiratory tract infection with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2\/influenza infection. The primary and secondary outcomes were RSV infection and respiratory or any infection in the subsequent 15 to 180\u00a0days, respectively. We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting and performed weighted logistic regression modeling.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Our primary and secondary cohorts consisted of 18\u2009767 and 114\u2009414 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 6697 and 30\u2009424 with influenza infection, respectively, and 46\u2009697 with another acute respiratory tract infection. The odds of subsequent RSV were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group compared with the influenza group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.61\u20130.86) and compared with the group with any respiratory tract infection (aOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.7\u20130.87). The odds of a respiratory tract infection and any infection were lower in the SARS-CoV-2 group than the influenza group (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.59\u20130.64 and aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.65\u20130.7, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n We did not find an increased risk of RSV or a respiratory or any type of infection within 6\u00a0months of SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared with influenza and other respiratory illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-068280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:03:01Z","timestamp":1754352181000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Respiratory and Other Infections Following COVID"],"prefix":"10.1542","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Applied Clinical Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nhat","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Applied Clinical Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Lorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Applied Clinical Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Maltenfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Applied Clinical Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu","family":"Saleh Mohammad Mosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics and Medical Epidemiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3RECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Representative, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asuncion","family":"Mejias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3RECOVER Patient, Caregiver, or Community Representative, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eneida A.","family":"Mendonca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleisha M.","family":"Nabower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asa","family":"Oxner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Division of General Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharine","family":"Paules","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Division of Infectious Diseases, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri A.","family":"Christakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion R.","family":"Sills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11OCHIN, Inc., Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Jhaveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"13Nicklaus Children\u2019s Hospital, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saul","family":"Blecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"15Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Schuyler Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"16Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Health System, Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Charles Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Applied Clinical Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mollie R.","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"17College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Chrischilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Applied Clinical Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchitra","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"19Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children\u2019s Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"417","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026050605374067100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2253590","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.53590","article-title":"Assessment of COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death among children and young people aged 0 to 19\u00a0years in the US","volume":"6","author":"Flaxman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"2026050605374067100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2024067043K","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-067043K","article-title":"Characteristics of children ages 1\u201317 who died of COVID-19 in 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2021\u20132022 respiratory virus season","volume":"260","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026050605374067100_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.2800","article-title":"Clinical features and burden of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents","volume":"176","author":"Rao","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026050605374067100_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002456","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2023-002456","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children aged 0\u20135\u00a0years in the USA in 2022: a multicentre retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam Med Community 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